annusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• a. (abbreviation)

語源

Proposed to derive from Proto-Italic *atnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ét-no-, probably from *h₂et- (“to go”). Cognate with Oscan akno- (“year, holiday, time of offering”); Umbrian acnu (“years”); and Gothic *𐌰𐌸𐌽 (*aþn) or *𐌰𐌸𐌽𐍃 (*aþns, “year”), attested in 𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌸𐌽𐌹 (ataþni, “year”).

For the root, compare Sanskrit अतति (atati, “he wanders, goes”). For a comparable case of *-tn- yielding a geminate -nn-, see penna (“feather”), from Proto-Italic *petnā.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈan.nʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈan.nus]

名詞

annus m (genitive annī); second declension

1. year

   Viginti annos natus est.

   He is twenty years old.

   Abhinc duo annos factum est.

   It happened two years ago.

   • 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 5.273–274:

     Nos quoque idem facimus tunc, cum iuvenalibus annis ¶ luxuriant animi, corporaque ipsa vigent.

     We also do the same then, when in youthful years [our] spirits are luxuriant, and [our] bodies themselves are vigorous.

2. (figurative) time

   Synonyms: tempus, hōra

3. (figurative) season

   Synonyms: tempestās, hōra

使用する際の注意点

• For the changing Roman conceptions of the year over time, see Roman calendar on Wikipedia.
• For ways to say one's age, Romans favoured inclusive counting (homō trīgintā annōrum meaning "a man at the 30th year [of his life]", i.e. 29-years-old). To say how old one is, some formulae are attested:
  • genitive: homō trīgintā annōrum (literally, "a man of thirty years")
  • adjectival: homō trīcennis (literally, "a thirty-years-old man")
  • span of time with verb nāscor (“to be born”): homō trīgintā annōs nātus (literally, "a man who has been born for thirty years", i.e. "a man who was born thirty years ago")

語形変化

Second-declension noun.

派生語

派生した語

参照

• “annus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “annus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "annus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “annus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) at the beginning of the year: initio anni, ineunte anno
    
  • year by year; day by day: singulis annis, diebus
    
  • a year from now: ad annum
    
  • it is more than twenty years ago: amplius sunt (quam) viginti anni or viginti annis
    
  • twenty years and more: viginti anni et amplius, aut plus
    
  • twenty years ago: abhinc (ante) viginti annos or viginti his annis
    
  • I have not seen you for five years: quinque anni sunt or sextus annus est, cum te non vidi
    
  • he has been absent five years: quinque annos or sextum (iam) annum abest
    
  • the division of the year (into months, etc.: anni descriptio
    
  • the intercalary year (month, day): annus (mensis, dies) intercalaris
    
  • Homer lived many years before the foundation of Rome: Homerus fuit multis annis ante Romam conditam
    
  • how old are you: quot annos natus es?
    
  • I am thirteen years old: tredecim annos natus sum
    
  • I am in my thirteenth year: tertium decimum annum ago
    
  • a boy ten years old: puer decem annorum
    
  • to be entering on one's tenth year: decimum aetatis annum ingredi
    
  • to be ten years old: decem annos vixisse
    
  • to be more than ten years old, to have entered on one's eleventh year: decimum annum excessisse, egressum esse
    
  • to be not yet twenty: minorem esse viginti annis
    
  • I was ten years old at the time: tum habebam decem annos
    
  • to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred: centum annos complere
    
  • to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred: vitam ad annum centesimum perducere
    
  • the addition of a few years: accessio paucorum annorum
    
  • to happen during a person's life, year of office: in aetatem alicuius, in annum incidere
    
  • to prolong the command for a year: imperium in annum prorogare
    
  • (ambiguous) to be elected at the age required by law (lex Villia annalis): suo (legitimo) anno creari (opp. ante annum)
    
  • to prolong a person's command: prorogare alicui imperium (in annum)
    
  • (ambiguous) in the past year: praeterito anno (not praeterlapso)
    
  • (ambiguous) last year: superiore, priore anno
    
  • (ambiguous) (1) last year; (2) next year: proximo anno
    
  • (ambiguous) in the following year: insequenti(e) anno (not sequente)
    
  • (ambiguous) after a year has elapsed: anno peracto, circumacto, interiecto, intermisso
    
  • (ambiguous) in the course of the year: anno vertente
    
  • (ambiguous) at the beginning of the year: initio anni, ineunte anno
    
  • (ambiguous) at the end of the year: exeunte, extremo anno
    
  • (ambiguous) every fifth year: quinto quoque anno
    
  • (ambiguous) in the fifth year from the founding of the city: anno ab urbe condita quinto
    
  • (ambiguous) to be elected at the age required by law (lex Villia annalis): suo (legitimo) anno creari (opp. ante annum)
    
• “annus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• annus in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• “annus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Further reading

• “annus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• Roman calendar on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

アナグラム

• nānus