orphanとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Late Middle English, from Late Latin orphanus, from Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós, “without parents, fatherless”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos.

Cognate with Sanskrit अर्भ (árbha), Latin orbus (“orphaned”), Old High German erbi, arbi (German Erbe (“heir”)), 古期英語 ierfa (“heir”). More at erf.

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈɔːfən/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈɔɹfən/
• (dialectal, 古風な用法) IPA^(key): /ˈɔːɹfənt/ (see orphant)
• 韻: -ɔː(ɹ)fən
• Homophone: often (non-rhotic accents with the lot–cloth split)

名詞

orphan (複数形 orphans)

1. A person, especially a minor, both or (rarely) one of whose parents have died.
   • 1956, Delano Ames, chapter 9, in Crime out of Mind‎^[1]:

     Rudolf was the bold, bad Baron of traditional melodrama. Irene was young, as pretty as a picture, fresh from a music academy in England. He was the scion of an ancient noble family; she an orphan without money or friends.

2. A person, especially a minor, whose parents have permanently abandoned them.
3. A young animal with no mother.
4. (figuratively) Anything that is unsupported, as by its source, provider or caretaker, by reason of the supporter's demise or decision to abandon.
5. (typography) A single line of type, beginning a paragraph, at the bottom of a column or page.

   Antonym: widow

6. (computing) Any unreferenced object.

派生語

形容詞

orphan (not comparable)

1. Deprived of parents (also orphaned).

   She is an orphan child.

2. (by extension, figuratively) Remaining after the removal of some form of support.

   With its government funding curtailed, the gun registry became an orphan program.

関連する語

• orphan drug

動詞

orphan (三人称単数 現在形 orphans, 現在分詞 orphaning, 過去形および過去分詞形 orphaned)

1. (transitive) To deprive of parents (used almost exclusively in the passive)

   What do you do when you come across two orphaned polar bear cubs?

2. (transitive, computing) To make unavailable, as by removing the last remaining pointer or reference to.

   When you removed that image tag, you orphaned the resized icon.

   Removing categories orphans pages from the main category tree.

Conjugation

語源

Contraction of morphinan.

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈɔː.fan/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈɔɹˌfæn/

接尾辞

-orphan

1. (pharmacology) Used to form names of morphinan derivates used as opioid receptor antagonists/agonists.

派生語