turfとは意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (General American) IPA^(key): /tɚf/
• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /tɜːf/
• 韻: -ɜː(ɹ)f
• Homophone: TERF

名詞

turf (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 turfs または turves)

1. (uncountable) A layer of earth covered with grass; sod.
   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., OCLC 222716698:

     Miss Thorn began digging up the turf with her lofter: it was a painful moment for me. ¶ “You might at least have tried me, Mrs. Cooke,” I said.

   • 2018 May 26, Daniel Taylor, “Liverpool go through after Mohamed Salah stops Manchester City fightback”, in The Guardian (London)‎^[1]:

     It was a sixth successive defeat for Klopp in a major final and at the final whistle, with Karius burying his face into the turf, there was not exactly a stampede of team-mates wanting to console him.

2. (countable) A piece of such a layer cut from the soil. May be used as sod to make a lawn, dried for peat, stacked to form earthen structures, etc.
   • 1906, Rudyard Kipling, Puck of Pook's Hill:

     "It's an old custom the people had when they bought and sold land. They used to cut out a clod and hand it over to the buyer, and you weren't lawfully seised of your land - it didn't really belong to you - till the other fellow had actually given you a piece of it - like this." He held out the turves.

   • 1955, J. R. R. Tolkien, The Return of the King:

     Frodo and Sam went forward and saw that amidst the clamorous host were set three high-seats built of green turves.

3. (countable) A block of peat used as fuel.
   • 1908, Sir William Schlich, editor, Forest Utilization (Schlich's Manual of Forestry):

     In ordinary peat-bogs, however, where turves are cut, there is always a large percentage of waste peat resulting from the digging, drying or transport of the turves, which can be utilized only by moulding it.

   • 1945 January and February, “Notes and News: Locomotive Firing with Turf”, in Railway Magazine, page 46:

     […] the fireman has to divide his time between getting up into the bunker to throw more turfs into the cab, and getting down on his hands and knees to get it into the firebox, and even then a reserve supply of turf must be carried on a truck behind the engine, and stops must be made on each steep ascent to raise more steam.

4. (uncountable, slang) A territory claimed by a person, gang, etc., as their own.
5. (uncountable, with "the") A racetrack, or the sport of racing horses.

派生語

動詞

turf (三人称単数 現在形 turfs, 現在分詞 turfing, 過去形および過去分詞形 turfed)

1. To cover with turf; to create a lawn by laying turfs.
2. (Ultimate Frisbee) To throw a frisbee well short of its intended target, usually causing it to hit the ground within 10 yards of its release.
3. (business) To fire from a job or dismiss from a task.

   Eight managers were turfed after the merger of the two companies.

4. (business) To cancel a project or product.

   The company turfed the concept car because the prototype performed poorly.

5. (informal, transitive) To expel, eject, or throw out; to turf out.
   • 1968, Eric Herne, The Haunted Islands‎^[2], page 18:

     He has the mistaken idea that he is a lap dog, and loves to be nursed, especially by ladies, but eighty-five pounds on your lap is no joke, and he can never understand why he gets turfed off.

   • 1988, Simon Haw with Richard Frame, For Hearth and Home: The Story of Maritzburg College, 1863-1988‎^[3], page 166:

     At the same time as College was being unceremoniously turfed from their premises, a similar process was affecting the Estcourt School.

6. (medical slang, transitive) To transfer or attempt to transfer (a patient または case); to eschew or avoid responsibility for.
   • 1996, Jeffrey E. Nash and James M. Calonico, The Meaning of Social Interaction: An Introduction to Social Psychology‎^[4], page 139:

     "Sure thing, I buffed her, and they turfed her to urology, but she bounced back to me!" […] They want to transfer responsibility for her to another branch of the hospital (turf her).

派生語

• turfer
• turf out

アナグラム

• ruft

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *turb, from Proto-Germanic *turbz.

発音

• IPA^(key): /turf/, [turˠf]

名詞

turf f (nominative 複数形 tyrf)

1. turf

語形変化

派生した語

• Middle English: turf, turfe, torf, tourfe
  • English: turf
  • Scots: turr, truff
  • Yola: thrive

参照

• Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898), “turf”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.