英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 overflowen, from 古期英語 oferflōwan, equivalent to over- +‎ flow.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation)
  • (noun): enPR: ōʹvə-flō, IPA: /ˈəʊvəˌfləʊ/
  • (verb): enPR: ō-və-flōʹ, IPA: /ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ/
• (General American)
  • (noun): enPR: ōʹvər-flō, IPA: /ˈoʊvɚˌfloʊ/
  • (verb): enPR: ō-vər-flōʹ, IPA: /ˌoʊvɚˈfloʊ/
• 韻: -əʊ (verb)

名詞

overflow (countable and uncountable, plural overflows)

1. The spillage resultant from overflowing.
   • 1943, Climatological Data, page 8:

     High crests of these overflows were: Manhattan, 23.0 feet, 8.0 above bankful, on June 16–17; Wamego, 20.8 feet, 4.8 feet above bankful, on June 17; Topeka, 26.8 feet, 5.8 feet above bankful, on June 17; […]

2. An outlet for escape of excess material.
3. Excess, superabundance
   • 1977 February 12, Don Shewey, John Glines, “Theatre Profiles Part II”, in Gay Community News, volume 4, number 33, page 8:

     GCN: Do you have an overflow of scripts?
     JG: I have more than we could ever do, certainly. But there's never an overflow of quality, and quality is really hard to come by, real quality.

4. (computing) The situation where a value exceeds the available numeric range.

派生語

動詞

overflow (third-person singular simple present overflows, present participle overflowing, simple past overflowed, past participle overflowed or (sometimes proscribed) overflown)

1. (transitive) To flow over the brim of (a container).

   Synonym: overrun

   The river overflowed the levee into the road.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Chronicles 12:15:

     Theſe are they that went ouer Ioꝛden in the firſt moneth, when it had ouerflowen all his* bankes, and they put to flight all them of the valleis, both toward the Eaſt, and toward the Weſt.

   • 1965 January 1, “General Summary of River and Flood Conditions-Continued”, in Climatological Data: National Summary‎, volume 16, number 1, Asheville, NC: United States Weather Bureau, page 265:

     Locally heavy rains on the 21st caused more than 2 feet of overflow on Salt Creek at Ashland, Nebr., on the 22d. Some county roads were inundated. Mill Creek which flows into the Platte River at Louisville, Nebr., overflowed its banks from the heavy rain.

   • 2018, John G. Neihardt, A Cycle of the West, page 461:

     The shadows had begun to overflow Their stagnant puddles on the nightward side, When presently the roar of battle died

2. (transitive) To cover with a liquid, literally or figuratively.

   The flash flood overflowed most of the parkland and some homes.

   • 1851, Herman Melville, Moby-Dick:

     So when they were working that evening at the pumps, there was on this head no small gamesomeness slily going on among them, as they stood with their feet continually overflowed by the rippling clear water […]

3. (transitive) To cause an overflow. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
4. (intransitive) To flow over the brim of a container.

   Synonyms: brim over, overbrim, overflood

   The waters overflowed into the Ninth Ward.

5. (intransitive) To be subject to a load that exceeds limits or capacity. [with with]

   Synonyms: brim over, overbrim

   The hospital ER was overflowing with flu cases.

   1. (intransitive, figuratively) To have something in superabundance; to abound in something.
      • 1857, Eustace Rogers Conder, Josiah Conder: A Memoir:

        I see and feel that I want the first requisite — a heart overflowing with Divine love towards sinners

6. (computing, ambitransitive) To (cause to) exceed the available numeric range.

   Calculating 255+1 will overflow an eight-bit byte.

   • 2008, Adam Oxford, Windows Vista - Autumn 2008, Future US, →ISSN, page 67:

     Some programs, especially online games, tend to have coding problems that leave them with memory holes - in other words, they don't delete information from your PC's memory once they're finished with it, they just keep adding and adding until everything overflows. Eventually, this can cause the game to crash to desktop, but adding more memory can help prevent this.

派生語