英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 spillen, from 古期英語 spillan, spildan (“to kill, destroy, waste”), from Proto-West Germanic *spilþijan, from Proto-Germanic *spilþijaną (“to spoil, kill, murder”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pel- (“to sunder, split, rend, tear”).

Cognate with Dutch spillen (“to use needlessly, waste”), French gaspiller ("to waste, squander" < Germanic), Bavarian spillen (“to split, cleave, splinter”), Danish spilde (“to spill, waste”), Swedish spilla (“to spill, waste”), Icelandic spilla (“to contaminate, spoil”). See also spool.

発音

• IPA: /spɪl/
  • (Received Pronunciation, 米国発音) IPA: [spɪɫ]
  • (l-vocalizing: 英国発音, General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: [spɪo̯], [spɪʊ̯]
• 韻: -ɪl

動詞

spill (third-person singular simple present spills, present participle spilling, simple past and past participle spilled or spilt)

1. (transitive) To drop something so that it spreads out or makes a mess; to accidentally pour.

   I spilled some sticky juice on the kitchen floor.

2. (intransitive) To spread out or fall out, as above.

   Some sticky juice spilled onto the kitchen floor.

   • 1741, I[saac] Watts, The Improvement of the Mind: Or, A Supplement to the Art of Logick: […], London: […] James Brackstone, […], →OCLC:

     He was so topful of himself, that he let it spill on all the company.

3. (intransitive, of a crowd or people within a crowd) To overflow out of a designated area.

   The crowd spilled onto Maple Avenue.

4. (transitive) To drop something that was intended to be caught.
   • 2011 October 29, Neil Johnston, “Norwich 3 - 3 Blackburn”, in BBC Sport‎:

     That should have been that, but Hart caught a dose of the Hennessey wobbles and spilled Adlene Guedioura's long-range shot.

5. To mar; to damage; to destroy by misuse; to waste.
   • 1589, George Puttenham, The Arte of English Poesie:

     They [the colours] disfigure the stuff and spill the whole workmanship.

   • 1642, Thomas Fuller, The Holy State, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Roger Daniel for John Williams, […], →OCLC:

     Spill not the morning (the quintessence of day) in recreations.

6. (obsolete, intransitive) To be destroyed, ruined, or wasted; to come to ruin; to perish; to waste.
   • 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Man of Lawes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

     That thou wilt suffer innocence to spill.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 16th century, Anonymous, "The Old Cloak", st. 1, as reported in The Oxford Book of English Verse (1900):

     This winter’s weather it waxeth cold, / And frost it freezeth on every hill, / And Boreas blows his blast so bold / That all our cattle are like to spill.

7. (intransitive, also figurative) To overflow or flow out, over or off something.
   • 2025 February 5, Dr Joseph Brennan, “Railway Heritage saved in 2024”, in RAIL, number 1028, page 53:

     Liverpool Street's 1985-92 remodelling by the British Rail Architects' Department (under project lead Nick Derbyshire) had carefully followed original 1870s detailing, with the concourse designed to allow natural light to spill into the station.

8. (transitive) To cause or flow out and be lost or wasted; to shed.
   • 1665 (first performance), John Dryden, The Indian Emperour, or, The Conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards. […], London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for H[enry] Herringman […], published 1667, →OCLC, Act IV, scene ii, page 44:

     to revenge his Blood, ſo juſtly ſpilt, / VVhat is it leſs then to partake his guilt?

   • 2007 February 18, Jake Mooney, “A Case of the Shivers”, in The New York Times‎, archived from the original on 26 November 2022:

     The cracking sound, he explained, as far as I, a non-plumber, could understand, was the sound of the overworked, undermaintained and weirdly installed heating unit’s core rupturing and spilling water into the basement.

9. (transitive, slang, obsolete) To cause to be thrown from a mount, a carriage, etc.
   • 2007, Eric Flint, David Weber, 1634: The Baltic War:

     Then, not thirty feet beyond, a sudden panicky lunge to the side by his horse spilled him from the saddle.

10. To cover or decorate with slender pieces of wood, metal, ivory, etc.; to inlay.
    • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto X”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

      And all the others pavement were with yvory spilt

11. (nautical) To relieve a sail from the pressure of the wind, so that it can be more easily reefed or furled, or to lessen the strain.
12. (transitive, Australian politics) To open the leadership of a parliamentary party for re-election.
13. (ambitransitive) To reveal information to an uninformed party.

    He spilled his guts out to his new psychologist.

    • 1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 32:

      ‘You wanted to know where we were going. Follow me. I’m going to spill it.’

14. (of a knot) To come undone.
15. (transitive) To express (something), especially repeatedly or floridly; to be expressed.

    He spilled insults about the other team.

    Praise spilled from him every day.

名詞

spill (plural spills)

1. Any thing that has been spilled; the resulting mess.
2. A fall or stumble.

   The bruise is from a bad spill he had last week.

3. (archaic) Synonym of taper, a thin stick, long wick, etc. used to transfer flame.
   • 1920, Agatha Christie, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, London: Pan Books, published 1954, page 182:

     “In a moment, he has torn the letter into long thin strips, and rolling them up into spills he thrusts them hurriedly in amongst the other spills in the vase on the mantle-piece.”

   • 2008, Elizabeth Bear, Ink and Steel: A Novel of the Promethean Age:

     Kit froze with the pipe between his teeth, the relit spill pressed to the weed within it.

4. A slender piece of anything.
   1. A peg or pin for plugging a hole, as in a cask'; a spile.
   2. A metallic rod or pin.
   3. A spillikin.
      • 1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 125:

        A tool with which to extract the spills from the pile.

   4. (Shropshire, Herefordshire) A splinter caught in the skin.
5. (mining) One of the thick laths or poles driven horizontally ahead of the main timbering in advancing a level in loose ground.
6. (sound recording) The situation where sound is picked up by a microphone from a source other than that which is intended.
7. (obsolete) A small sum of money.
   • 1726, John Ayliffe, Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani: Or, A Commentary, by Way of Supplement to the Canons and Constitutions of the Church of England. […], London: […] D. Leach, and sold by John Walthoe […], →OCLC:

     Spill or Sportule for the same from the credulous Laity

8. (Australian politics) A declaration that the leadership of a parliamentary party is vacant, and open for re-election. Short form of leadership spill.

引用

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:spill.

派生語

アナグラム

• pills

動詞

spill

1. alternative form of spillen