英和和英

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /weɪn/
• 韻: -eɪn
• ハイフネーション: mane
• 異形同音異義語: wain, Wain, Waine, Wayne (all pane–pain merger)

語源 1

From 中期英語 wane, from 古期英語 wana (“defect, shortage”), from Proto-West Germanic *wanō, from Proto-Germanic *wanô, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“to leave, abandon; empty, deserted”).

名詞

wane (plural wanes)

1. A gradual diminution in power, value, intensity etc.
   • 1853, Herman Melville, "Bartleby, the Scrivener," in Billy Budd, Sailor and Other Stories, New York: Penguin, 1968; reprinted 1995 as Bartleby, →ISBN, p. 3,

     In the morning, one might say, his face was of a fine florid hue, but after twelve o'clock, meridian -- his dinner hour -- it blazed like a grate full of Christmas coals; and continued blazing -- but, as it were, with a gradual wane -- till six o'clock, PM, or thereabouts; after which, I saw no more of the proprietor of the face, [...].

   • 1913, Michael Ott, The Catholic Encyclopedia, "Wenzel Anton Kaunitz",

     His influence which was on the wane during the reign of Joseph II grew still less during the reign of Leopold II (1790-2).

2. The lunar phase during which the sun seems to illuminate less of the moon as its sunlit area becomes progressively smaller as visible from Earth.
   • 1906, James George Frazer, Adonis, Attis, Osiris, volume 2, page 133:

     Some French peasants also prefer to sow in the wane.

   • 1926, H. P. Lovecraft, The Moon-Bog:

     It was very dark, for although the sky was clear the moon was now well in the wane, and would not rise till the small hours.

3. (literary) The end of a period.
   • 1846 October 1 – 1848 April 1, Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1848, →OCLC:

     The day was in its prime, the day was in its wane, and still, uneasy in mind and body, she slept on.

   • 1845, Benjamin Disraeli, Sybil, or The Two Nations, Book 1, Chapter 3:

     The situation of the Venetian party in the wane of the eighteenth century had become extremely critical.

4. (woodworking) A rounded corner caused by lack of wood, often showing bark.
   • 2002, Peter Ross, Appraisal and Repair of Timber Structures, p. 11,

     Sapwood, or even bark, may appear on the corners, or may have been cut off, resulting in wane, or missing timber.

使用する際の注意点

• When referring to the moon or a time period, the word is found mostly in prepositional phrases like in or on the wane.

同意語

• (a diminution in power, value, etc.): decrease, decline

派生語

語源 2

From 中期英語 wanen, wanien, from 古期英語 wanian, wonian, from Proto-West Germanic *wanōn, from Proto-Germanic *wanōną.

動詞

wane (third-person singular simple present wanes, present participle waning, simple past and past participle waned)

1. (intransitive) To progressively lose its splendor, value, ardor, power, intensity etc.; to decline.
   • 1675, John Dryden, Aureng-zebe: A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1676, →OCLC, (please specify the page number):

     You saw but sorrow in its waning form.

   • 1668, Sir Josiah Child, A New Discourse of Trade:

     Land and trade ever will wax and wane together.

   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “Chapter 118”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

     I have sat before the dense coal fire and watched it all aglow, full of its tormented flaming life; and I have seen it wane at last, down, down, to dumbest dust.

   • 1902, John Masefield, The Golden City of St. Mary:

     And in the cool twilight when the sea-winds wane […]

   • 1922, Michael Arlen, “Ep./1/1”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:

     And so it had always pleased M. Stutz to expect great things from the dark young man whom he had first seen in his early twenties ; and his expectations had waxed rather than waned on hearing the faint bruit of the love of Ivor and Virginia—for Virginia, M. Stutz thought, would bring fineness to a point in a man like Ivor Marlay, […].

   • 2020 September 26, Caren Osten Gerszberg, “You Can Get Focused (Hint: Put Down That Phone)”, in The New York Times‎, archived from the original on 1 November 2020:

     When your focus wanes and you feel the urge to online shop or grab a game of 2048, there are tech tools to prevent your giving in.

   • 2022 September 30, Rebecca Ratcliffe, “Anger after Thai court rules 2014 coup leader can carry on as PM”, in The Guardian‎, Guardian News & Media Limited:

     His popularity, however, has waned, say analysts.

2. (intransitive) For light to dim or diminish in strength.
   • 1894, Algernon Charles Swinburne, A Nympholept:

     The skies may hold not the splendour of sundown fast; / It wanes into twilight as dawn dies down into day.

3. (intransitive, astronomy) For the Moon to pass through the phases of its monthly cycle where its surface is less and less visible.
   • 1866, Sabine Baring-Gould, “The Man in the Moon”, in Curious Myths of the Middle Ages:

     The fall of Jack, and the subsequent fall of Jill, simply represent the vanishing of one moon-spot after another, as the moon wanes.

4. (intransitive) Said of a time period that comes to an end.
   • 1889, Algernon Charles Swinburne, A Swimmer's Dream:

     Fast as autumn days toward winter: yet it seems//Here that autumn wanes not, here that woods and streams

5. (intransitive, archaic) To decrease physically in size, amount, numbers or surface.
   • 1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], chapter XIX, in Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC:

     The snow which had been for some time waning, had given way entirely under the fresh gale of the preceding night.

   • 2012 August 30, Ann Gibbons, “Genome Brings Ancient Girl to Life”, in Science Now, retrieved 4 September 2012:

     Denisovans had little genetic diversity, suggesting that their small population waned further as populations of modern humans expanded.

6. (transitive, obsolete) To cause to decrease.
   • 1610, Ben Jonson, The Speeches at Prince Henry's Barriers:

     In which no lustful finger can profane him,
     Nor any earth with black eclipses wane him

   • 1797, Anna Seward, Letter to Mrs Childers of Yorkshire‎:

     Proud once and princely was the mansion, ere a succession of spendthrifts waned away its splendour.

反意語

• wax

派生語

• wax and wane

語源 3

From Scots wean.

別の表記

• wain, waine, wean

名詞

wane (plural wanes)

1. (Scotland, slang) A child.

語源 4

From 中期英語 wōne, wāne (“dwelling," "custom”), of unclear origins, compare wont.

別の表記

• wone (Southern England)

名詞

wane (plural wanes)

1. (chiefly Northern England and Scotland, obsolete) A house or dwelling.

アナグラム

• Ewan, Newa, anew, wean

形容詞

wane

1. inflection of wana:
   1. nominative feminine/neuter singular
   2. accusative neuter singular

名詞

wane (uncountable)

1. penury, deprivation, neediness
2. lack, absence
3. diminution

別の表記

• wan, won, wone; wain (Northern)

派生した語

• English: wane
• Scots: wane, waine

参照

• “wāne, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源 2

Probably from 古期英語 wēan or wēana, oblique cases of wēa (“woe, grief, misery”).

名詞

wane (plural wanes)

1. woeful, miserable state; adversity; misfortune
2. affliction, tribulation
3. destruction

別の表記

• wan, won, wone
• weane, wæn, wæne, wæine, wen, wene (Early Middle English, southwest Midlands)

派生した語

• English: wane

参照

• “wāne, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源 3

From 古期英語 wana, wona (adjective) and wan, won (adjective), related to wanian (“to diminish”).

形容詞

wane

1. inadequate, incomplete, imperfect
2. lacking, missing, absent

別の表記

• wan, wanne, wone, won, vane

派生した語

• English: wane
• Scots: wan, wane

参照

• “wāne, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源 4

名詞

wane

1. (Northern) alternative form of vein

語源 5

副詞

wane

1. alternative form of fain

語源 6

形容詞

wane

1. alternative form of wan

語源 7

名詞

wane

1. (Northern, Early Middle English) alternative form of wone (“dwelling”)

語源 8

名詞

wane

1. (Northern) alternative form of wone (“course”)

語源 9

名詞

wane

1. alternative form of wain (“wagon”)

語源 10

名詞

wane

1. alternative form of veine (“vein”)

語源 11

動詞

wane

1. alternative form of wanen

語源 12

副詞

wane

1. alternative form of whenne

接続詞

wane

1. alternative form of whenne

語源 13

動詞

wane

1. alternative form of wanne: singular simple past of winnen
2. alternative form of wonnen: plural simple past of winnen

語源 14

副詞

wane

1. alternative form of whanne

接続詞

wane

1. alternative form of whanne