英和和英

発音

• (verb) IPA: /ɪˈl(j)umɪneɪt/, /ɪˈl(j)uməneɪt/
• (noun, adjective) IPA: /ɪˈl(j)umɪnət/

語源 1

From 中期英語 illuminaten, borrowed from Latin illūminātus, perfect passive participle of illūminō (“lighten, light up, show off”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) for more), from in +‎ lūminō (“light up”), from lūmen (“light”). Cognate with 古期英語 lȳman (“to glow, shine”). More at leam.

動詞

illuminate (third-person singular simple present illuminates, present participle illuminating, simple past and past participle illuminated)

1. (transitive) To shine light on something.
   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

     Nero illuminated his gardens with live Christians soaked in tar, and we were now treated to a similar spectacle, probably for the first time since his day, only happily our lamps were not living ones.

   • 2006, Michael Grecco, Lighting and the Dramatic Portrait, Amphoto Books, →ISBN, page 40:

     A light that is one foot away from the subject's face will completely illuminate the face, but leave the rest of the body softer and darker.

   • 2025 July 31, Tamara Hardingham-Gill, “‘Everyone I know in the US who has a conscience wants to leave’: Why this American woman relocated to Bali”, in CNN‎, archived from the original on 2 August 2025:

     Riding along the busy, narrow roads of Bali on her scooter with the sun illuminating her face, Victoria Kjos has a clear destination in sight — the beach.

2. (transitive) To decorate something with lights.
3. (transitive, figurative) To clarify or make something understandable.
   • 1986, Craig G. Harris, “Weekend Plans”, in Joseph Beam, editor, In The Life: A Black Gay Anthology, page 138:

     The situation, as it was, made it more difficult for him to leave. Yet it illuminated the very reasons why he had to go.

4. (transitive) To decorate the page of a manuscript book with ornamental designs.
5. (transitive, figurative) To make spectacular.
   • 2012 June 2, Phil McNulty, “England 1-0 Belgium”, in BBC Sport‎:

     Hodgson's approach may not illuminate proceedings in Poland and Ukraine but early evidence suggests they will be tough to break down.

6. (intransitive) To glow; to light up.
   • 1994, Sylvia Carlson, Verne Carlson, Professional Cameraman's Handbook, →ISBN, page 494:

     Red diode in button illuminates when camera runs at speed set in five-digit speed selector.

   • 2011/2012, "Spectrum", written by Florence Welch and Paul Epworth, performed by Florence and the Machine, released on the album Ceremonials (2011):

     Say my name / and every color illuminates. / We are shining / […]

7. (intransitive) To be exposed to light.
8. (transitive, military) To direct a radar beam toward.

同意語

• (shine light on something): belight, enlighten, illumine; See also Thesaurus:illuminate
• (decorate something with lights): See also Thesaurus:decorate
• (make something understandable): bring home, clarify, elucidate, explicitize, sort out, straighten out
• (decorate the page of a manuscript book): illustrate, quill; See also Thesaurus:decorate
• (to glow; to light up): gleam, illumine, shine; See also Thesaurus:shine

派生語

関連する語

• luminous
• lumens

語源 2

From Latin illūminātus, see Etymology 1 and -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more. For sense 3, see also Lumières.

形容詞

illuminate (comparative more illuminate, superlative most illuminate)

1. (obsolete) Enlightened, illuminated, made bright.
   • February 28 1630, Joseph Hall, The Hypocrite

     do ye see an illuminate elder of the anabaptists rapt in divine ecstasies?

2. (figurative) Enlightened spiritually, divinely taught or inspired; in technical use, converted, baptized.
3. (archaic) Learned, erudite.

語源 3

From a substantivation of the above adjective, see -ate (noun-forming suffix) for more.

名詞

illuminate (plural illuminates)

1. Someone thought to have an unusual degree of enlightenment.

参照

• “illuminate”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “illuminate”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.