hybridとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Latin hybrida, a variant of hibrida (“a mongrel; specifically, offspring of a tame sow and a wild boar”). Attested since 1601, but rare before c. 1850.

発音

• enPR: hī'brĭd, IPA: /ˈhaɪ.bɹɪd/
• 韻: -aɪbɹɪd

名詞

hybrid (plural hybrids)

1. (biology) Offspring resulting from cross-breeding different entities, e.g. two different species or two purebred parent strains.

   Synonyms: bastard, crossbreed, mixing

   • 1859 November 24, Charles Darwin, “Variation under Domestication”, in On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, […], London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 26:

     Lastly, the hybrids or mongrels from between all the domestic breeds of pigeons are perfectly fertile.

2. Something of mixed origin or composition; often, a tool or technology that combines the benefits of formerly separate tools or technologies.
   1. A hybrid vehicle, especially a car; a vehicle that runs on both fuel (gasoline or diesel) and electricity (battery or energy from the sun).
   2. (computing) A computer that is part analog computer and part digital computer.
   3. (cycling) A bicycle that is a compromise between a road bike and a mountain bike.
   4. (electronics) An electronic circuit constructed of individual devices bonded to a substrate or PCB.
   5. (golf) A golf club that combines the characteristics of an iron and a wood.
   6. (linguistics) A word whose elements are derived from different languages.

派生語

形容詞

hybrid (comparative more hybrid, superlative most hybrid)

1. Of or composed of mixed origin or composition.

   a hybrid mix of jazz and punk

   • 1859 November 24, Charles Darwin, “Variation under Domestication”, in On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, […], London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 26:

     Now, it is difficult, perhaps impossible, to bring forward one case of the hybrid offspring of two animals clearly distinct being themselves perfectly fertile.

2. Of a car, running on both fuel (gasoline or diesel) and electricity (battery or energy from the sun).
   • 2022, N. K. Jemisin, The World We Make, Orbit, page 270:

     Brooklyn has opted for hybrid SUVs, at least, to show environmental consciousness.

3. (animation) Involving both 2D and 3D animation.

派生語

関連する語

参考

• transgenic
• cultivar

参照

• hybrid, page 216, chapter: A Miscegenation Vocabulary in Interracialism, Terms from the Oxford English Dictionary, book: Black White Intermarriage in American History, Literature and Law, Edited by Werner Sollor, Oxford University Press, 2000 [1]
• “hybrid”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “hybrid”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “hybrid”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.