英和和英

別の表記

• christian (uncommon)
• Xtian (abbreviation)
• Xian (abbreviation, sometimes derogatory)

語源

From 中期英語 Cristien, from Old French chrestien, from Latin Chrīstiānus, from Ancient Greek Χρῑστιᾱνός (Khrīstiānós), from Χρῑστός (Khrīstós, “Christ, anointed [one]”) + Latin suffix -ānus. The older form is Christen. Doublet of cretin. By surface analysis, Christ +‎ -ian.

発音

• IPA: /ˈkɹɪʃt͡ʃən/, /ˈkɹɪstiən/, /ˈkɹɪst͡ʃən/
• 韻: -ɪstʃən
• Homophone: Cristian
• ハイフネーション: Chris‧tian

名詞

Christian (plural Christians)

1. A believer in Christianity.
   • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

     Shyl.... If a Iewe wrong a Christian, what is his humillity, reuenge? If a Christian wrong a Iewe, what should his sufferance be by Christian example, why reuenge? The villanie you teach me I will execute, and it shall goe hard but I will better the instruction.

   • 1848, James Ford translating St. Augustine in The Gospel of St. Matthew, Illustrated from Ancient and Modern Authors, p. 46:

     The whole life of a good Christian is nothing else but a state of holy desire (sanctum desiderium).

   • 1925, E. Stanley Jones, The Christ of the Indian Road, page 118:

     “Mahatma Gandhi, I am very anxious to see Christianity naturalized in India, so that it shall be no longer a foreign thing identified with foreign people and a foreign government, but a part of the national life of India... What would you suggest that we do to make that possible?” He very gravely and thoughtfully replied: “I would suggest, first, that all of you Christians, missionaries and all, must begin to live more like Jesus Christ.”

   • 2008, Christopher Catherwood, Making War in the Name of God, page 188:

     […] thousands of people have been killed in recent years in violence between Muslims and Christians, in Nigeria and Indonesia in particular, but on a lesser scale in other regions as well.

   • 2013 October 7, Giles Fraser, “How the Mail Got It Wrong, Again...”, in The Guardian:

     In the year 144, the church declared Marcion of Sinope, a rich shipping magnate and part-time theologian, a heretic for declaring the God of the Hebrew scriptures to be inferior to the God of the New Testament. But despite this condemnation, popular Marcionism has continued ever since. You hear Christians lapse into it all the time with the lazy argument, "Oh, that's just the Old Testament", when confronted by the claim that the Bible is violent.

   1. (nonstandard) An adherent of Christianity who is not a Catholic; a Protestant.
      • 2011, Denise Tse-Shang Tang, Conditional Spaces: Hong Kong Lesbian Desires and Everyday Life, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, →ISBN, pages 67–68:

        On the contrary, many lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Christians and Catholics, including heterosexual allies of lesbians and gay Christians, of them, have voiced their opinions on the complicated issues of religion and sexuality.

      • 2012, Cheng-tian Kuo, “Institutional Choices of Church-State Relations in Chinese Societies”, in Baogang Guo, Chung-chian Teng, editors, Taiwan and the Rise of China: Cross-Strait Relations in the Twenty-first Century, Lanham: Lexington Books, →ISBN, page 123:

        In South Korea, the Mingjung Theology inspired Christians and Catholics to question the legitimacy of the authoritarian regime.

      • 2013, Eze Ikechukwu, Being a Christian in Igbo Land: Facts, Fictions and Challenges, Berlin: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH, →ISBN:

        The point of emphasis here is the fact that many Igbo became Catholics or Christians not because they were convinced of the teachings and practice of Christianity but as a result of many factors.

      • 2021, Yahonathan Daweed, Yahweh for Christians: I Am Original Words, Original Truth, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Dorrance Publishing Co, →ISBN, page 161:

        Catholics, Christians, Jews, Muslims, and any other dogma that you read about were warring, while fully in their deception from the Light of Truth.

      • 2022, Arthur David Canales, Pastoral Care to and Ministry with LGBTQ Youth and Young Adults, Eugene, Oregon: Wipf & Stock, →ISBN, page 69:

        Another way Christians and Catholics are perceived as anti-homosexual is via institutional oppression.

2. A person who seeks to live his or her life according to the principles and values taught by Jesus Christ.
   • 1526, William Bonde, Preface to Pylgrimage of Perfection:

     Ye lyfe of euery christian, is as a pilgremage.

   • 1976, Friedrich Nietzsche, translated by Walter Arnold Kaufmann, The Antichrist, §39:

     The very word ‘Christianity’ is a misunderstanding—at bottom there was only one Christian, and he died on the cross.

   • 1991 September, Stephen Fry, chapter 1, in The Liar, London: Heinemann, →ISBN, section II, page 20:

     ‘You’re riding for a fall, Healey, you know that? There are hedges and ditches ahead and you are on course for an almighty cropper.’
     ‘Sir.’
     ‘And I shall be cheering and laughing as you tumble,’ said Meddlar, his spectacles flashing.
     ‘That’s just the warm-hearted Christian in you, sir.’

3. (obsolete, England) A European, especially though not necessarily of the Christian religion.

同意語

• Thesaurus:Christian

上位語

• religionist, theist, monotheist, Abrahamist, People of the Book

下位語

等位語

派生した語

• → Burmese: ခရစ်ယာန် (hka.racyan)
• → Cebuano: Christian
• → Cheyenne: E'óoestaáhe
• → Hindi: क्रिश्चियन (kriściyan)
• → Japanese: クリスチャン
• → Korean: 크리스천 (keuriseucheon)
• → Malay: Kristian
• → Marshallese: Kūrjin
• → Thai: คริสเตียน (krít-sà-dtiian)

固有名詞

Christian (countable and uncountable, plural Christians)

1. A male given name from Ancient Greek found in England since the twelfth century.
   • 2022 June 28, Jamie Millar, “'SARM Goblins': The Young Men Hooked on Steroids”, in VICE‎, archived from the original on 7 November 2023:

     Roughly 40 to 45 percent of Signature’s gynecomastia patients, says co-founder Christian Gotti, are users of Image- and Performance-Enhancing Drugs (IPEDs).

2. A female given name from Ancient Greek of medieval usage, rare today.
3. A surname originating as a patronymic.
4. An unincorporated community in Logan County, West Virginia, United States.

派生語

関連する語

• (feminine forms): Christiana, Christina, Christine

形容詞

Christian (comparative more Christian, superlative most Christian)

1. (not comparable) Of, like or relating to Christianity or Christians.
   1. (nonstandard, not comparable) Of, like or relating to Protestant Christians.
      • 2000 November 10, “The scourge of evil spirits”, in SCMP‎:

        While Christian churches allow lay believers in Jesus to do exorcism, Catholics limit the practice to selected priests.

      • 2011, Denise Tse-Shang Tang, Conditional Spaces: Hong Kong Lesbian Desires and Everyday Life, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, →ISBN, page 67:

        This is not to say that there is no discord within Christian and Catholic congregations on this issue.

      • 2019, Katie Brick, J. Cody Nielsen, Greg Jao, Eric Paul Rogers, John A. Monson, “Understanding Christian Students on Campus”, in Kathleen M. Goodman, Mary Ellen Giess, Eboo Patel, editors, Educating About Religious Diversity and Interfaith Engagement: A Handbook for Student Affairs‎, Sterling, Virginia: Stylus Publishing, →ISBN:

        When asked whether they are Christian, some Catholics respond, “No. I am Catholic.” Many Catholics see the Christian question as an attempt to discover whether they have accepted Christ in a way that is more representative of a Protestant or evangelical experience. Saying, “No, I’m not Christian” can also be a way to assert a student’s distinctively Catholic identity, even though they know Catholics are Christian because they believe in Christ.

2. (not comparable) Of, like or relating to Jesus Christ.
3. Kind, charitable; moral; a term of approbation.

   That’s very Christian of you.

   • 1824, Susan Ferrier, The Inheritance:

     I cannot help thinking there are people in the world who are very tiresome, very impertinent, and very disagreeable; yet, I don’t think it would be a very Christian act were I to tell them so.

   • 1854, Nathaniel James Merriman, The Kafir, the Hottentot, and the frontier farmer, page 74:

     I must say I have seen him do a very Christian act at the Fish River. Some Kafir women were there eating; he begged of them; they refused to give him any food. […] I gave him some of the victuals we were enjoying, and he instantly broke the bread, and gave of it to these very Kafir women who had just refused any of theirs.

   • 1859, David W. Belisle, The American family Robinson, page 290:

     “Besides this,” said the trapper, “it is hardly a Christian act to leave these two men to perish by the hands of the savages […] ”

   • 1867, Henry Shepheard, Ithuriel’s spear; or, Is this Christianity?, page 118:

     So, in his esteem, an auto da fé — an “act of faith,” as the words mean — is really an act of faith — an act of such faith as the author of “Ecce Homo” approves — a most Christian act — a most humane act […]

   • c. 1867, Janet Robertson, Christine; or, Common-Place People:

     I have only been at home two days, and here I am come on the third to see you and Tiny, so it is not Christian of you — as my mother would say — to receive your dutiful grand-nephew in such an unkind manner […]

   • 1981, Mary Leader, Salem’s Children, →ISBN, page 82:

     “Why should I? It’s very Christian of you.” “People here do not think of me as a Christian, Mitti.” “I’d call it Christian charity,” I floundered. “You think Christians have a monopoly on charity?” she asked. “Well, no,” I stammered.

   • 1995, Patrick Colm Hogan, Joyce, Milton, and the theory of influence‎, page 88:

     Joyce […] must have found himself likewise in accord with Dante’s view that “The Goal of Mankind is Universal Peace,” a view to which Dante devoted an entire section of his treatise, and a view opposed to the protestant militancy of the more muscularly Christian Milton.

   • 1996 Nov-Dec, Richard Blow, “Al Franken”, in Mother Jones Magazine‎, volume 21, number 6:

     I didn’t think it was very Christian of them, not to call back. Just downright Un-Christian.

   • 2009, Adriane Danette Lentz-Smith, Freedom Struggles: African Americans and World War I‎, page 209:

     Mood and hopes ran high. Onto the stage, into this mélange of black power, military symbolism, and Christian striving, walked Kathryn Johnson.

   • 2010, Linda Woodbridge, English Revenge Drama: Money, Resistance, Equality‎, page 268:

     Henry Irving and other Victorian actors easily created empathy for Shylock, even in a muscularly Christian period.

使用する際の注意点

• Use of the term “Christian” in the generalised approbative sense “kind, moral” may be displeasing to some non-Christians.

同意語

• (kind): charitable, helpful, kind, neighborly/neighbourly, sweet (informal)

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “of or relating to Christianity or Christians”): agnostic, atheist, heathen, non-Christian, pagan
• (antonym(s) of “charitable, moral”): corrupt, immoral, improper, unjust, savage, sinful

派生語

関連する語

参考

アナグラム

• Christina, trichinas