英和和英

発音

• enPR: gă'mən, IPA: /ˈɡæmən/
• 韻: -æmən

語源 1

From 中期英語 *gammon, gambon, from Old French gambon (compare modern French jambon (“ham”)), from gambe (“leg”), from Late Latin gamba, from Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ). Doublet of jambon and jamon.

名詞

gammon (countable and uncountable, plural gammons)

1. A cut of quick-cured pork leg.
   • 1936, Norman Lindsay, The Flyaway Highway, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 40:

     [T]he cooks were laying a refection before him of sack and anchovies and garlic sausage and gammons of bacon and - this was the important item - a great pudding dish out of which rose the noble dome of a crisp brown pie-crust.

   • 2022 October 17, Nigel Slater, “Smoked haddock, baked gammon: Nigel Slater’s winter recipes that make the most of your oven”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:

     I bake a piece of gammon that will be served both hot and, later, as cold cuts.

派生語

動詞

gammon (third-person singular simple present gammons, present participle gammoning, simple past and past participle gammoned)

1. To cure bacon by salting.

語源 2

From 中期英語 gamenen, gamene, from 古期英語 gamnian, gæmnian, gamenian (“to joke, play”), from Proto-West Germanic *gamanōn, from Proto-Germanic *gamanōną (“to play, have fun, joke”). Cognate with Middle High German gamenen (“to mock, make fun of”), Icelandic gamna (“to have fun”). More at game.

別の表記

• gamen, gammen, gammin, gamon

動詞

gammon (third-person singular simple present gammons, present participle gammoning, simple past and past participle gammoned)

1. (dialectal) To joke, kid around, play.
2. (backgammon) To beat by a gammon (without the opponent bearing off a stone).

派生語

名詞

gammon (countable and uncountable, plural gammons)

1. (dialectal) A joke, trick; play, sport, merriment.
2. (backgammon) A victory in backgammon achieved when the opponent has not borne off a single stone.
   • 2009 July 29, Virginia Henley, The Raven and the Rose, Island Books, →ISBN, page 210:

     Toward the end of the game Roger had not borne off a single stone belonging to Roseanna, and she scored a gammon. She could not hide the triumph in her eyes. “Perhaps you will play a better game if we play for something closer to your heart,” she suggested.

3. (rare) Backgammon (the game itself).
   • 2008 03, Zanzibar McFate, I Battled a Giant Otter: My Gut Bustin', Mutha Lovin' Life of Manly Adventure, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 131:

     We started about 7:00 drinking beers and playing gammon. Then after getting a little “loose” we went to a girls dorm.

関連する語

• backgammon

語源 3

Perhaps related to the first etymology, with reference to tying up a ham.

名詞

gammon (plural gammons)

1. (nautical) A rope fastening a bowsprit to the stem of a ship (usually called a gammoning).

動詞

gammon (third-person singular simple present gammons, present participle gammoning, simple past and past participle gammoned)

1. To lash with ropes (on a ship).
   • 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC, part VI (Captain Silver), page 251:

     “No, by thunder !” he cried, “it's us must break the treaty when the time comes; and till then I'll gammon that doctor, if I have to ile his boots with brandy.”

語源 4

Perhaps a special use of the word from etymology 2.

名詞

gammon (uncountable)

1. (dated) Chatter, ridiculous nonsense.

   Synonym: gammon and pickles

   • 1836 March – 1837 October, Charles Dickens, chapter XXIV, in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1837, →OCLC, page 251:

     Some people maintains that an Englishman's house is his castle. That's gammon.

   • 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 46, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

     “Gammon, Pen—go on,” Foker said.

   • 1911, Ambrose Bierce, “Mammon”, in The Devil’s Dictionary, New York, N.Y.; Washington, D.C.: The Neale Publishing Company, →OCLC:

     He swore that all other religions were gammon, / And wore out his knees in the worship of Mammon.

動詞

gammon (third-person singular simple present gammons, present participle gammoning, simple past and past participle gammoned)

1. (colloquial, dated, transitive) To deceive; to lie plausibly to.
   • 1959, Georgette Heyer, chapter 1, in The Unknown Ajax:

     And no use for anyone to tell Charles that this was because the Family was in mourning for Mr Granville Darracott […]: Charles might only have been second footman at Darracott Place for a couple of months when that disaster occurred, but no one could gammon him into thinking that my lord cared a spangle for his heir.

   • 2016, Cathy McLennan, Saltwater, →ISBN:

     This blackfulla's driving a car. Copper stops 'im, says, “Did you know you were speeding?” Blackfulla says, “No.” His Missus goes, “Oh yeah you did, eh.” Cop says, “Did you know your tail lights aren't working? Guy says, "No". His missus says, "You did an' all, Dont you gammon to them coppers." Guy goes to his Missus, "Shut up!" Copper asks the Missus, "Does he always talk to you like that?" She goes, "Only when he's drunk!"

形容詞

gammon (comparative more gammon, superlative most gammon)

1. (Papua New Guinea, Australian Aboriginal, chiefly Queensland, Northern Territory) Fake, pretend; bullshit.

   Alternative form: gammin

   I was just being gammon.

   • 2018, Melissa Lucashenko, Too Much Lip, University of Queensland Press, published 2023, page 112:

     She ripped the fake coins off […] and tried a black lacy veil, which covered Kerry's forehead, mouth and chin, rendering her mysterious. ‘I look like a Muslim,’ Kerry said doubtfully. […] It was better than the gammon coins though, so she left it.

派生した語

• Tok Pisin: giaman
• Tok Pisin: giamon

語源 5

Gained popularity in 2017 (in the phrase "Great Wall of Gammon", likening the referents' rosy complexions to gammon (“ham, bacon”)), although the metaphor was in use earlier: the BBC points to a 2016 use of “gammon face”.

名詞

gammon (countable and uncountable, plural gammons)

1. (neologism, derogatory, UK) A middle-aged or older right-wing, reactionary white man, or such men collectively.
   • 2022, “Take That”, performed by Bob Vylan:

     Yeah, let the bitch drown / Got the gammons all feeling sick now / Great Britannia's lost all hope, she's broke

   • 2025 August 10, Sam Wollaston, quoting Martin, “Dining across the divide: ‘I expected to be portrayed as an old gammon and paired up with some radical with coloured hair’”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:

     I was expecting the Guardian to portray me as an old gammon and pair me up with some radical with coloured hair. Then she walked through the door with blue hair, which was rather amusing!

参考

• Karen
• gammonati

Further reading

• “Etymology Corner - Collins Word of the Year 2018”, in Collins Dictionary Language Blog‎, 7 November 2018
• George Pierpoint (14 May 2018), “Why your social media is covered in gammon”, in BBC News‎, BBC
• “gammon n. (nonsense)”, in Green’s Dictionary of Slang, Jonathon Green, 2016–present
• “gammon n. (right-wing white male)”, in Green’s Dictionary of Slang, Jonathon Green, 2016–present
• “gammon v. (to cheat)”, in Green’s Dictionary of Slang, Jonathon Green, 2016–present