英和和英

発音

• IPA: /ˈliːt͡ʃ/, [ˈlɪi̯t͡ʃ]
• 韻: -iːtʃ
• ハイフネーション: leech
• Homophone: leach

語源 1

From 中期英語 leche (“blood-sucking worm”), from 古期英語 lǣċe (“blood-sucking worm”), akin to Middle Dutch lāke ("blood-sucking worm"; > modern Dutch laak).

名詞

leech (plural leeches)

1. A typically aquatic blood-sucking annelid of the subclass Hirudinea, especially Hirudo medicinalis.
   • 2003, William W. Johnstone, The Last Of The Dog Team, page 195:

     The leech on his leg had swelled to more than five inches long, puffed and swollen on his blood.

2. (figuratively) A person who derives advantage from others in a parasitic fashion.
   • 2000, Ray Garmon, The Man Who Just Didn't Care, page 20:

     'Wrecked his body and his mind, no use to hisself or his family or nobody, just a leech on society'.

   • 2006, D. L. Harman, A State of Nine One One, page 106:

     At this point, I felt this man was a leech. I suspected that he had spent a lifetime living off the good will of women that he met.

3. (medicine, dated) A glass tube designed for drawing blood from damaged tissue by means of a vacuum.

同意語

• (person who lives as a parasite): parasite, sponger, bloodsucker, vampire; See also Thesaurus:scrounger

派生語

動詞

leech (third-person singular simple present leeches, present participle leeching, simple past and past participle leeched)

1. (transitive, literally) To apply a leech medicinally, so that it sucks blood from the patient.
   • 1869, Alfred Russel Wallace, The Malay Archipelago, volume II, London: Macmillan and Co., page 316:

     This had to be leeched, and lanced, and doctored with ointments and poultices for several weeks, till I was almost driven to despair, - for the weather was at length fine, and I was tantalized by seeing grand butterflies flying past my door, and thinking of the twenty or thirty new species of insects that I ought to be getting every day.

   • 2000 August 8, George R[aymond] R[ichard] Martin, “Davos [Seaworth]”, in A Storm of Swords (A Song of Ice and Fire; 3), London: Voyager, →ISBN, page 285:

     The poppy made him sleep and while he slept they leeched him to drain off the bad blood.

2. (transitive, figuratively) To drain (resources) without giving back.

   Near-synonyms: mooch, suck down

   Bert leeched hundreds of files from the BBS, but never uploaded anything in return.

   • 2024 September 6, Anna McKibbin, “Beetlejuice Beetlejuice reinvigorates Tim Burton’s stale brand, returning to practical playfulness”, in AV Club‎:

     Her daughter Astrid (new Tim Burton muse Jenna Ortega) barely speaks to her, and her greasy-haired boyfriend Rory (Justin Theroux, proving once again to be a comedic tour de force) obviously leeching off her fame and money

使用する際の注意点

• Not to be confused with the verb leach.

派生語

参照

• “leech”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

語源 2

From 中期英語 leche (“physician”), from 古期英語 lǣċe (“doctor, physician”), from Proto-West Germanic *lākī, from Proto-Germanic *lēkijaz (“doctor”), of disputed origin, but usually thought to be connected with Proto-Celtic (compare Old Irish líaig (“doctor, physician”)); perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to collect, gather”).

Cognate with Old Frisian lētza (“physician”), Old Saxon lāki (“physician”), Old High German lāhhi (“doctor, healer”), Danish læge (“doctor, surgeon”), Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 (lēkeis, “physician”). Slavic words such as Serbo-Croatian ljèkār, Polish lekarz (“physician, doctor”) are usually considered to be borrowings from Germanic.

名詞

leech (plural leeches)

1. (archaic) A physician.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “(please specify the book)”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     Many skillful leeches him abide to salve his hurts.

   • 1610, Armoriesː‎, Bolton:

     The word Physitian we do vulgarly abuse (as we doe very many other(s)) for a Leech , or Medicus.

   • 1610, Bolton, Armoriesː

     As if an expert leech must needs be expert in the physicks (that is, in those speculations which concerne the workes of nature) the nearest word to fall with our tongue, yet not farre from the thing, was physitian.

   • 1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, page 2:

     Thus virtuous Orsin was endued / With learning, conduct, fortitude / Incomparable; and as the prince / Of poets, Homer, sung long since, / A skilful leech is better far, / Than half a hundred men of war [...]

   • 1807, George Crabbeː, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

     Can this proud leech, with all his boasted skill, / Amend the soul or body, wit or will?

   • 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter, a Romance, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, →OCLC, page 146:

     For the sake of the minister’s health, and to enable the leech to gather plants with healing balm in them, they took long walks on the seashore or in the forest; mingling various talk with the plash and murmur of the waves, and the solemn wind anthem among in treetops.

   • 1992, Hilary Mantel, A Place of Greater Safety, Harper Perennial, published 2007, page 11:

     He coughed sputum stained with blood, and a scraping, crackling noise came from his chest, quite audible to anyone in the room. ‘Lungs possibly not too good,’ the leech said.

2. (Germanic paganism) A healer.
   • 1900, Augustus Henry Keane, Man, Past and Present, Cambridge: The University Press:

     Their functions are threefold, those of the medicine-man (the leech, or healer by supernatural means); of the soothsayer (the prophet through communion with the invisible world); and of the priest, especially in his capacity as exorcist

   • 1996, Swain Wodening, “Scandinavian Craft Lesson 6: Runic Divination”, Theod Magazine 3 (4)

     In ancient times runesters were a specialized class separate from that of the witch or ordinary spell caster (much as the other specialists such as the leech or healer and the seithkona were different from a witch), and even today many believe it takes years of training to become adept at using the runes in spell work.

   • 2003, Brian Froud, Ari Berk, The Runes of Elfland, Pavillion Books, →ISBN, page 22:

     "Leech?" "Not another doctor".

   • 2004, Runic John, The Book of Seidr, Capall Bann Publishing, →ISBN, page 282:

     There are many kinds of "Leech" or "healer" as there are healing techniques, some are more powerful than others and some are very specific to certain illnesses and complaints; some use potions and unguents, others crystals and stones, others galdr and some work their healing from within the hidden realms themselves.

同意語

• (physician): barber, doctor, physician
• (healer in Heathenry): healer

派生語

語源 3

From 中期英語 lechen (“to cure, heal, treat”), from 中期英語 leche (“doctor, physician”). Compare Swedish läka (“to heal”) and Norwegian Nynorsk lækja (“to heal”).

動詞

leech (third-person singular simple present leeches, present participle leeching, simple past and past participle leeched)

1. (archaic, rare) To treat, cure or heal.
   • 1564, Accounts of Louth Corporalː

     Paid for leeching.. my horses very sick.

   • 1566–74, Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotlandː

     To one man (that) broke his leg in Strivelin … Item to the man that leecheth him.

   • 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:

     though there are many Pretenders to the Art of Farriering and Cow-leeching, yet many of them are very ignorant , especially in the Countrie

   • 1850, Blackieː

     A disease that none may leech.

同意語

• (make better): treat, cure, heal

派生語

参照

• NED

語源 4

From 中期英語 lek, leche, lyche, from Old Norse lík (“leechline”), from Proto-West Germanic *līk, from Proto-Germanic *līką (compare West Frisian lyk (“band”), Dutch lijk (“boltrope”), Middle High German geleich (“joint, limb”)), from Proto-Indo-European *leyǵ- ‘to bind’ (compare Latin ligō (“tie, bind”), Ukrainian нали́гати (nalýhaty, “to bridle, fetter”), Albanian lidh (“to bind”), Hittite link- (caus. linganu-) ‘to swear’ (with -n- infix).

名詞

leech (plural leeches)

1. (nautical) The vertical edge of a square sail.
   • 1984, Sven Donaldson, A Sailor's Guide to Sails, page 130:

     To help combat these problems, almost all sailmakers trim the leeches of their headsails to a hollow or concave profile and enclose a LEECHLINE within the leech tabling.

2. (nautical) The aft edge of a triangular sail.
   • 2004, Gary Jobson, Gary Jobson's Championship Sailing, page 176:

     Trim the leech of the jib parallel to the main by watching the slot between the mainsail and the jib.

派生語

• leech line / leechline

参考

• Sail components on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• foot
• luff

参照

• “leech”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

• leceh, leche, chele, Elche