英和和英

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈmɜːmə/
• (Standard Southern British) IPA: /ˈməːmə/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈmɝ.mɚ/
• (New Zealand, Wales) IPA: /ˈmøːmə/
• (Scotland) IPA: /ˈmʌɾməɾ/
• (Liverpool, fair–fur merger) IPA: /ˈmeːmə/
• (Humberside, Teesside, fair–fur merger) IPA: /ˈmɛːmə/
• 韻: -ɜː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)

名詞

murmur (countable and uncountable, plural murmurs)

1. (countable, uncountable) Any low, indistinct sound, like that of running water.
   • 1854, Narrative of a Journey Round the Dead Sea, and in the Bible Lands:

     The delightful murmur of water running over pebbles is heard a few yards off

   • 1979: A translation of the Eclogues by Paul Alpers

     The windy murmur of the breeze subsides.

2. (countable, uncountable) Soft indistinct speech.

   A murmur arose from the audience.

   • 1842, Alfred Tennyson, “The Palace of Art”, in Poems. […], volume I, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 154:

     She howl'd aloud, “I am on fire within. / There comes no murmur of reply. / What is it that will take away my sin, / And save me lest I die?”

   • 1874, Marcus Clarke, chapter V, in For the Term of His Natural Life:

     In the prison of the 'tween decks reigned a darkness pregnant with murmurs. The sentry at the entrance to the hatchway was supposed to "prevent the prisoners from making a noise," but he put a very liberal interpretation upon the clause, and so long as the prisoners refrained from shouting, yelling, and fighting--eccentricities in which they sometimes indulged--he did not disturb them.

   • 1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XI, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

     The moment had come for the honeyed word. I lowered my voice to a confidential murmur, but on her inquiring if I had laryngitis raised it again.

   • 2025 January 30, Cameron Joseph, “Trump goes to war with the federal workforce”, in The Christian Science Monitor:

     [President Trump's firing of a dozen inspectors general] seems to have violated a law requiring that he provide 30 days’ notice, and set off a rare murmur of dissent from Capitol Hill Republicans.

3. (cardiology, medicine) The sound made by any condition which produces a noisy, or turbulent, flow of blood through the heart.
   • 2004, Euan A. Ashley, Josef Niebauer, Cardiology Explained:

     Since aortic diastolic pressure is higher than pulmonary artery systolic pressure, there is continuous flow into the pulmonary circulation, creating the characteristic continuous ("machinery") murmur, heard best just below the left clavicle.

4. A muttered complaint or protest; the expression of dissatisfaction in a low muttering voice; any expression of complaint or discontent.
   • 1919, Boris Sidis, The Source and Aim of Human Progress:

     In fear of disease and in the interest of his health man will be muzzled and masked like a vicious dog, and that without any murmur of complaint.

   • 1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XX, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

     Glossop will return from his afternoon off to find the awful majesty of the Law waiting for him, complete with handcuffs. We can hardly expect him to accept an exemplary sentence without a murmur, so his first move will be to establish his innocence by revealing all.

派生語

動詞

murmur (third-person singular simple present murmurs, present participle murmuring, simple past and past participle murmured)

1. (intransitive, now rare) To grumble; to complain in a low, muttering voice, or express discontent at or against someone or something. [from 14th c.]
   • 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, John vj:[41]:

     The Iewes then murmured at him because he sayde: I am that breed which is come doune from heaven.

   • 1830, The Book of Mormon:

     And now, behold thy brothers murmur, saying it is a hard thing which I have required of them; but behold I have not required it of them, but it is a commandment of the Lord.

2. (intransitive) To speak or make low, indistinguishable noise; to mumble, mutter. [from 14th c.]

   I couldn't hear the words; he just murmured a lot.

   The bees murmured in the forest. The waves murmured on the shore.

   • 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 7, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:

     “Oh yes,” he murmured in a tone of obligatory surprise, as he proceeded to make the kind of 2 which he attributed to Margaret's style of chirography.

3. (transitive) To say (something) indistinctly, to mutter. [from 15th c.]
   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii], line 51:

     I […] heard thee murmur tales of iron wars;

   • 1874, Thomas Hardy, chapter 21, in Far from the Madding Crowd. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], →OCLC:

     Gabriel murmured a confused reply, and hastened on.

   • 1942, Lloyd C. Douglas, chapter 7, in The Robe‎:

     With a husky voice she murmured that he was the very dearest grandfather anyone ever had.

   • 1978, Andrew Holleran, chapter 4, in Dancer from the Dance‎, New York: New American Library, published 1986, page 105:

     “ […] Don’t look now,” he murmured, lowering his eyes demurely, “but the most handsome man in Brookfield, Connecticut, has just walked in the room.”

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:mutter

派生語

参照

• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “murmur”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “murmur”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

Further reading

• heart murmur on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

語源

From Old French murmure, from Latin murmur.

発音

• IPA: /ˈmurmur/

名詞

murmur (plural murmurs)

1. A whining, protesting or complaining in the background; murmuring.
2. (rare) Background noise or sounds.

派生した語

• English: murmur
• → Middle Welsh: murmur
  • Welsh: murmur

参照

• “murmur(e, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 20 October 2018.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈmʊr.mʊr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈmur.mur]

名詞

murmur n (genitive murmuris); third declension

1. murmur, murmuring
   • c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca Minor, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium 47.3:

     At īnfēlīcibus servīs movēre labra nē in hōc quidem ut loquantur, licet; virgā murmur omne compescitur, [...].

     (The slaves who must stand near the master at dinnertime:) Meanwhile, the miserable slaves aren’t even allowed to move their lips to speak. Every murmur is silenced by a rod.

2. humming, roaring, rumbling, growling, grumbling
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.55–56:

     Illī indignantēs magnō cum murmure montis
     circum claustra fremunt; [...].

     Those [stormwinds] resenting [their confinement]: With a mighty rumbling of the mountain all around, [against] locked gates they rage.
     (Evocative word-sounds convey fantastical noises caused by trapped winds: the alliteration of repeated “m’s” for menacing rumbling, and onomatopoeia using hard “c’s” to personify angry winds clanging their cages.)

3. rushing, crashing

語形変化

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

派生語

派生した語

• English: murmur
• French: murmure
• Irish: monabhar
• Italian: mormorio
• Portuguese: murmúrio
• Spanish: murmullo, murmurio, murmuro

参照

Further reading

• “murmur”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “murmur”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers