ACHILLESとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• Achilleus, Akhilles, Akhilleus

語源

Borrowed from Latin Achillēs, from Ancient Greek Ἀχιλλεύς (Akhilleús).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /əˈkɪliːz/
• 韻: -ɪliːz

固有名詞

Achilles

1. (Greek mythology) A mythical semidivine hero, the son of Peleus by the nereid Thetis, and prince of the Myrmidons, who features in the Iliad as a central character and the foremost warrior of the Achaean (Greek) camp.
   • c. 1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

     Achilles! a drayman, a porter, a very camel.

   • 1715, Homer, translated by Alexander Pope, chapter 1, in The Iliad of Homer, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC:

     Achilles’ wrath, to Greece the direful spring
     Of woes unnumber’d, heavenly goddess, sing!

   • 1910, Friedrich Nietzsche, chapter 3, in William A. Haussmann, transl., edited by Oscar Levy, The Birth of Tragedy; or, Hellenism and Pessimism (The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche; 1)‎, Edinburgh; London: T. N. Foulis, page 36:

     If once the lamentation is heard, it will ring out again, of the short-lived Achilles, of the leaf-like change and vicissitude of the human race, of the decay of the heroic age.

   • 2012, Richard Holway, Becoming Achilles: Child-Sacrifice, War, and Misrule in the Iliad and Beyond‎, Rowman & Littlefield (Lexington Books), page 153:

     In the last third of the Iliad, Achilles’ beloved companion, Patroklos, and his bitter enemy, Hektor, die wearing Achilles’ armor, their deaths prefiguring Achilles’ own.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Achilles.
2. (rare) A male given name from Ancient Greek.
3. (astronomy) The Greek camp Trojan asteroid 588 Achilles.

派生語

Further reading

• Achilles (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Category:Achilles on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

語源

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓χῐλλεύς (Ăkhĭlleús).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [aˈkʰɪl.leːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [aˈkil.les]

固有名詞

Achillēs m sg (genitive Achillis or Achillī or Achilleī); third declension

1. (Greek mythology) Achilles
   • c. 35 BCE, Horatius, Sermones 2.3.193:

     "Cōnsule." "Cūr Aiāx, hērōs ab Achille secundus,
     pūtēscit, totiēns servātīs clārus Achīvīs?"

     • 1926 translation by H. Rushton Fairclough

       "Pray, do." "Why does Ajax, a hero second only to Achilles, lie rotting, though so often he won glory by saving the Greeks?"

   • c. 30 BCE, Horatius, Epodi 17.14:

     Ūnxere mātrēs Īliae additum ferīs
     ālitibus atque canibus homicīdam Hectorem,
     postquam relictīs moenibus rēx prōcidit
     heu pervicācis ad pedēs Achilleī.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horatius, Carmina 1.15.34:

     Īrācunda diem proferet Īliō
     mātrōnisque Phrygum classis Achilleī;
     post certās hiemēs ūret Achāicus
     ignis Īliacās domōs.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 30 BCE – 16 BCE, Propertius, Elegiae 2.9a.13:

     foedāvitque comās, et tantī corpus Achillī
     maximaque in parvā sustulit ossa manū

     • 1990 translation by G. P. Goold

       she soiled her hair and in her little hand took up the body of the huge Achilles and his giant bones

   • 2 CE, Ovidius, Ars Amatoria 1.743:

     At nōn Actoridēs lectum temerāvit Achillis

     • 1929 translation by J. H. Mozley, revised by G. P. Goold

       But, you will say, the son of Actor stained not Achilles' couch

   • 12 CE – 13 CE, Ovidius, Epistulae ex Ponto 3.3.43, (Some editions prefer the reading "ab Achillī"):

     praemia nec Chīrōn ab Achillē tālia cēpit

     • 1924 translation by A. L. Wheeler, revised by G. P. Goold

       nor did Chiron receive such a reward from Achilles

語形変化

Third-declension noun, singular only.

派生語

派生した語

• → English: Achilles
• → French: Achille
• → German: Achill
• → Italian: Achille
• → Spanish: Aquiles

参照

Further reading

• “Achillēs” in volume 1, column 391, line 67 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
• “Achilles”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “Achilles”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “Achilles”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Achilles in D. P. Simpson, Cassell's Latin Dictionary, Wiley Publishing, 1968