Yankeeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

First attested in 1765, when it was described as "a name of derision [...] given by the Southern people on the Continent to those of New England". Various suggestions have been made as to its origin: that it derives from a Cherokee word meaning "slave" or "coward" and was applied to the New Englanders by the Virginians because the former refused to aid the latter in a war against the Cherokees; that it derives from Yengees, an Indian corruption of English; and that it derives from Janke, a pet form of the common Dutch forename Jan. The OED regards the last of these as "perhaps the most plausible".

発音

• IPA: /ˈjæŋ.ki/
• 韻: -æŋki

名詞

Yankee (plural Yankees)

1. A native or inhabitant of some part of the United States:
   1. (chiefly Southern US) A native or inhabitant of the northern United States.
      • 1857–1859, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, chapter XXXIV, in The Virginians. A Tale of the Last Century, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1858–1859, →OCLC:

        […] so that I couldn't help telling her, sir, that in our country, leastways in Virginia (they say the Yankees are very pert), young people don't speak of their elders so.

      • 1936 June 30, Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, published June 1944, →OCLC, part I, page 71:

        “So, he is the father of Emmie Slattery’s baby,” thought Scarlett. “Oh, well. What else can you expect from a Yankee man and a white-trash girl?”

   2. (chiefly Northern US) A native or inhabitant of New England.
   3. (chiefly French Louisiana) An anglo, someone without French ancestry; a native or inhabitant of the rest of the United States.
   4. (chiefly Commonwealth, sometimes derogatory) A native or inhabitant of the United States in general.

      Synonyms: Yank; see also Thesaurus:American

      • 1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XXXIX, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 194:

        ...in a short time, a kind of infectious mirth and pride in their bargains took possession of the place, and every one bought something, holding out their purchases to view, and praising them in the words and phraseology of the young yankees, who, finding their own importance, were not slow to avail themselves of it,...

2. (chiefly Southern US, often derogatory, historical) Any individual associated with the Union; that is, the United States federal government, during the American Civil War.

   Antonyms: Confederate, southron, reb

   Coordinate terms: carpetbagger, scalawag

3. (baseball) A player for the New York Yankees. (Should we delete this sense?)
4. (nautical) A large triangular headsail used in light or moderate winds and set on the fore topmast stay. Unlike a genoa it does not fill the whole fore triangle, but is set in combination with the working staysail.
5. (gambling) A wager on four selections, consisting of 11 separate bets: six doubles, four trebles and a fourfold accumulator.
   • 1980 March 20, New Scientist, volume 85, number 1199:

     Betting is complicated with win bets, place bets, each-way bets and complex bets such as doubles, trebles, Yankees and the like.

派生語

派生した語

• → Chinese: 揚基 / 扬基 (Yángjī), 洋基 (Yángjī)
• → Betawi: jèngki
  • →? Indonesian: jengki
• → Finnish: jenkki
• → Japanese: ヤンキー
• → Korean: 양키 (yangki)
• → Russian: я́нки (jánki)
• → Spanish: yanqui
• → Swedish: jänkare
• → Tagalog: Yangki
• → Ukrainian: я́нкі (jánki)

動詞

Yankee (third-person singular simple present Yankees, present participle Yankeeing, simple past and past participle Yankeed)

1. (dated, slang, US, Canada, sometimes offensive) to cheat, trick or swindle somebody; to misrepresent something
   • 2011, Colin Woodard, chapter 17, in American nations, New York: Penguin, →ISBN:

     Kentuckians reportedly regarded a Yankee “as a sort of Jesuit” because of his religious zeal, while in Illinois the term yankeed was synonymous with cheated.

参照

アナグラム

• Keaney