idesとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /aɪdz/
• 韻: -aɪdz

語源 1

From 中期英語 ides, idus, from Anglo-Norman and Old French ides, from Latin īdūs, a fourth-declension plurale tantum, from the Latin practice of treating most recurring calendrical days as plurals. The Latin term is cognate with Oscan eiduis, both perhaps deriving from an unknown Etruscan term. 中期英語 and Old French also used the singular form ide.

別の表記

• Id., Ides

名詞

ides (plural ides)

1. (historical, often capitalized) The notional full-moon day of a Roman month, occurring on the 15th day of the four original 31-day months (March, May, Quintilis or July, and October) and on the 13th day of all other months.
   • 10th century, Byrhtferð of Ramsey, Enchiridion (Ashmolean MS 328), Book I, Chapter ii, Section 22:

     Þa monðas þe habbað iiii nonas æfter kalendas... habbað to idus xiii dagas and to ii kalendas eahtatyne.

     Those months that have 4 nones after the kalends... have 13 days to the ides and eighteen to the second kalends.

   • 1679, J. Moxon, Mathematics made Easie, page 26:

     The Roman Month its several days divides
     By reckoning backwards, Calends, Nones, and Ides.

   • 1967, Agnes Kirsopp Michels, Calendar of the Roman Republic, page 22:

     For the modern reader of Latin the most irritating pecularity of this system of dating is that the days after the Ides of any month carry the name of the following month... Another trap for the unwary lies in the fact that the Roman calendars given in most reference books are Julian, not pre-Julian. When Caesar added ten days to the Roman year he put them near the ends of the seven 29-day months, one or two in each. As a result, instead of the day after the Ides of all months being a.d. XVII Kal., in these seven months it is either a.d. XVIII Kal. or a.d. XIX Kal., and all the following days change correspondingly.

   • 2011, Robert A. Kaster trans. Macrobius, Saturnalia, Book I, Chapter xiv, Section 8:

     [March, May, Quintilis, and October] also have their Nones on the seventh, as Numa ordained, because Julius changed nothing about them. As for January, Sextilis, and December, they still have their Nones on the fifth, though they began to have thirty-one days after Caesar added two days to each, and it is nineteen days from their Ides to the following Kalends, because in adding the two days Caesar did not want to insert them before either the Nones or the Ides, lest an unprecedented postponement mar religious observance associated with the Nones or Ides themselves, which have a fixed date.

   The third day before the ides of March is March 13th; the third ides of August is August 11th; and the third of the ides of November is November 11th.

使用する際の注意点

English use of the Roman calendrical term always employs the Romans' inclusive dating, including the ides itself when counting. Thus, the "third day before the ides of March" (a.d. iii Id. Mart.) is March 13th: two days before March 15th, not three.

English usage also often follows the Latin contraction of the phrasing, which omits the words ante diem. March 13th may appear as the "third ides of March" or the "third of the ides of March". Thus, the "second ides" (pridie idus) is the 14th day of the old long months and the 12th day of the other months; the "third ides" (tertia idus) is the day before that; the "fourth ides" is the day before that; and so on until the "eighth ides", which is preceded by the nones in every month.

等位語

• calends, nones

派生語

語源 2

See ide.

名詞

ides

1. plural of ide

参照

アナグラム

• Edis, Desi, eids, deis, ESDI, DESI, IEDs, SEID, EIDs, -side, side, sied, Eids, Dies, Dise, dies, desi, Side

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *idisi, from Proto-Germanic *idisiz (“woman”), potentially from Proto-Indo-European *h₂idʰ-és- (“fire, flame, burning”). Cognate with Old Saxon idis and Old High German itis. According to Jacob Grimm it is also cognate with Old Norse dís ("goddess"), but this is heavily debated.

発音

• IPA: /ˈi.des/

名詞

ides f

1. (poetic) woman, lady; queen
2. virgin, young lady

語形変化

Strong ō-stem:

参照

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: /i.deːs/, [ɪd̪eːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /i.des/, [id̪es]

接尾辞

-idēs m (genitive -idae); first declension

1. (poetic) Suffix added to a father's name to form a masculine patronymic: son of
2. (New Latin) Suffix forming the names of members of certain dynasties: -id

   ‎Osman (“Osman”) + ‎-idēs → ‎Osmanidēs (“Osmanid, Ottoman”)

語形変化

First-declension noun (masculine Greek-type with nominative singular in -ēs).

派生語

派生した語

• English: -id
• French: -ide
• German: -ide
• Italian: -ide