red doとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From re- +‎ dō (“give”). The double -dd- is a remnant of the reduplication that was lost in the base verb.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈrɛd.doː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈrɛd̪.d̪o]

動詞

reddō (present infinitive reddere, perfect active reddidī, supine redditum); third conjugation

1. to give back, return, restore

   Synonym: remittō

   Antonyms: recipiō, reciperō, revocō

   • 161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Phormio 55–56:

     Praesertim ut nunc sunt mōrēs, adeō rēs redit: / sī quis quid reddit, magna habendast grātia!

     Especially as manners are nowadays, the situation has come to this: if someone returns something, [you] must be very grateful!

   • Suetonius, De vita Caesarum:

     Quintili Vare, legiones redde!

     O Quintilius Varus! Give [me] back [my] legions!

2. to give up, hand over, deliver, render, provide, assign

   Synonyms: dēserō, relinquō, omittō, dēdō, concēdō, dēcēdō, dēstituō, dēficiō, oblīvīscor, cēdō, dissimulō, trādō, addīcō, praetereō, neglegō, pōnō, remittō, permittō, tribuō

3. to surrender, relinquish, deliver, yield, resign

   Synonyms: dēdō, addīcō, concēdō, dēcēdō, committō, remittō, trādō, tribuō, dēferō, dō, cēdō, permittō

4. to give or pay back; take revenge for, punish, inflict vengeance for
5. to repeat, declare, report, narrate, recite, rehearse, express
6. to represent, imitate, express, resemble
7. to make something look in a certain way, make or cause a thing to be or appear something or somehow, render

   Synonyms: dō, afferō

   • 160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe 5.3.59–63:

     DĒMEA. Ego istuc vīderō,
     atque ibi favīllae plēna, fūmī ac pollinis
     coquendō sit faxō et molendō. Praeter haec
     merīdiē ipsō faciam ut stipulam colligat.
     Tam excoctam reddam atque ātram quam carbō est.

     DEMEA. I'll see to that,
     and full of soot, smoke and flour
     from the cooking and grinding I'll make her. And, besides that,
     I'll make her collect the straw at noon.
     I'll render her as burnt and black as coal.

   • 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 2.3.14–16:

     […] Hīc reddēs omnia
     quae nunc sunt certa eī cōnsilia incerta ut sient,
     sine omnī periclō. […]

     Here you make all those plans which are now certain to him seem uncertain, without any risk.

8. to return in profit
   • Martial 2.38:

     Quid mihi reddat ager quaeris, Line, Nōmentānus?
     Hoc mihi reddit ager: tē, Line, nōn videō!

     You ask, Linus, what profit the field in Nomentum might return to me?
     This, Linus, [is what] the field gives back to me: not having to see you!

   Vestis virum reddit.

   The clothes profit the man.

Conjugation

Notes

For the 1st person singular future active an old form reddĭbō is attested, which is the regular product of *reddăbō undergoing vowel weakening.

派生語

• redditiō
• redditor
• redditus

派生した語

(See also rendō.)

参照

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “rĕddĕre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 10: R, page 175

Further reading

• “reddo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “reddo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “reddo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to die a natural death: debitum naturae reddere (Nep. Reg. 1)
    
  • to (richly) recompense a kindness or service: beneficium remunerari or reddere (cumulate)
    
  • to return good for evil: pro maleficiis beneficia reddere
    
  • to speak, utter a sound: vocem mittere (sonitum reddere of things)
    
  • to render something into Latin: aliquid (graeca) latine reddere or sermone latino interpretari
    
  • to translate literally, word for word (not verbo tenus): verbum pro verbo reddere
    
  • to deliver a letter to some one (used of the messenger): epistulam reddere alicui (Att. 5. 21. 4)
    
  • to deliver a letter dated September 21st: litteras reddere datas a. d. Kal. X. Octob.
    
  • to make a person suspected: aliquem in suspicionem adducere (alicui), aliquem suspectum reddere
    
  • to accomplish, pay a vow: vota solvere, persolvere, reddere
    
  • to render count of a matter; to pass it for audit: rationem alicuius rei reddere
    
  • to administer justice (said of the praetor): ius reddere (Liv. 3. 33)
    
  • to gain a weak case by clever pleading: causam inferiorem dicendo reddere superiorem (λόγον κρείττω ποιειν) (Brut. 8. 30)
    
  • to make restitution: res reddere (alicui) (cf. sect. V. 11)
    
  • to restore prisoners without ransom: captivos sine pretio reddere