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語源 1

From 中期英語 thunder, thonder, thundre, thonre, thunnere, þunre, from 古期英語 þunor (“thunder”), from Proto-West Germanic *þunr, from Proto-Germanic *þunraz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten-, *(s)tenh₂- (“to thunder”).

Compare astound, astonish, stun. Germanic cognates include West Frisian tonger, Dutch donder, German Donner, Old Norse Þórr (English Thor), Danish torden, Norwegian Nynorsk tore. Other cognates include Persian تندر (tondar), Latin tonō, detonō, Ancient Greek στένω (sténō), στενάζω (stenázō), στόνος (stónos), Στέντωρ (Sténtōr), Irish torann, Welsh taran, Gaulish Taranis. Doublet of donner, Thunor, and Thor.

名詞

thunder (countable and uncountable, plural thunders)

1. The loud rumbling, cracking, or crashing sound caused by expansion of rapidly heated air around a lightning bolt.

   Thunder is preceded by lightning.

   Thunder cracked overhead.

   • 1953 July, Allen Rowley, “First Impressions of American Railways”, in Railway Magazine, page 493:

     With each clap of thunder echoing from one high building to another the noise was terrific.

2. A deep, rumbling noise resembling thunder.

   Off in the distance, he heard the thunder of hoofbeats, signalling a stampede.

3. An alarming or startling threat or denunciation.
   • 1847, William H. Prescott, A History of the Conquest of Peru:

     The thunders of the Vatican could no longer strike into the heart of princes.

4. (obsolete) The discharge of electricity; a thunderbolt.
   • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

     The revenging gods / 'Gainst parricides did all their thunders bend.

5. (literature) Synonym of thunder word.
   • 1996, William York Tindall, A Reader's Guide to Finnegans Wake, page 31:

     Adam's fall and Vico's thunder are embodied in a word of a hundred letters, the first of ten thunders in the Wake.

使用する際の注意点

• roll, clap, peal are some of the words used to count thunder e.g. A series of rolls/claps/peals of thunder were heard

派生語

派生した語

• → Alemannic German: Thönder
• → Japanese: サンダー (sandā)
• → Tagalog: tanders
• → Tok Pisin: tanda

参考

• lightning

語源 2

From 中期英語 thundren, from 古期英語 þunrian (“to thunder”), from Proto-West Germanic *þunrōn, from Proto-Germanic *þunrōną (“to thunder”).

動詞

thunder (third-person singular simple present thunders, present participle thundering, simple past and past participle thundered)

1. (impersonal) To produce thunder; to sound, rattle, or roar, as a discharge of atmospheric electricity.

   It thundered continuously.

2. (intransitive) To make a noise like thunder.

   The train thundered along the tracks.

   • 1983, Bill Oddie, Gone Birding, London: Methuen, page 59:

     The farmer whose land the Pratincole had chosen to frequent had such an adversion to birders that he had been thundering up and down all day in a high-powered muck-spreader, splattering them with cow dung!

   • 2019, Abby Chava Stein, Becoming Eve, Seal Press, page 46:

     His words landed like a bomb, and my ears thundered with noise.

3. (ergative) To (make something) move very fast (with loud noise).
   • 1983, “Forbidden Colours”, in David Sylvian (lyrics), Ryuichi Sakamoto (music), Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence, performed by David Sylvian:

     Senseless years thunder by / Millions are willing to give their lives for you / Does nothing live on?

4. (intransitive, transitive) To say (something) with a loud, threatening voice.

   "Get back to work at once!", he thundered.

5. To produce something with incredible power.
   • 2011 January 19, Jonathan Stevenson, “Leeds 1 - 3 Arsenal”, in BBC Sport‎, archived from the original on 19 March 2011:

     Just as it appeared Arsenal had taken the sting out of the tie, Johnson produced a moment of outrageous quality, thundering a bullet of a left foot shot out of the blue and into the top left-hand corner of Wojciech Szczesny's net with the Pole grasping at thin air.

Conjugation

派生語

• (to say something with a loud, threatening voice): thunderer
• thundering herd problem
• ythundered

参考

• thundering