英和和英

別の表記

• breakthru (US, nonstandard)

語源

From break +‎ through. Compare German Durchbruch and Dutch doorbraak (“breakthrough”, literally “through-break”).

発音

• IPA: /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/

形容詞

breakthrough (not comparable)

1. Characterized by major progress or overcoming some obstacle.

   a breakthrough technological advance

2. (immunology) Involving the contraction of a disease by a person with a decreased susceptibility, such as a person who has been vaccinated to help prevent that disease.
   • a. 2005, “Brochure - Urinary Reflux”, in Renal Resource Centre‎, archived from the original on 30 April 2004:

     Breakthrough infections (urine infections that develop in children on antibiotics) can occasionally occur, and if they do, different preventative antibiotics can be given or sometimes surgery to fix the leaky valve can be undertaken.

   • 2022 January 15, “In open letter, 30 doctors issue appeal against use of ‘unwarranted medications, diagnostics’”, in The Indian Express‎, WordPress, archived from the original on 15 January 2022:

     There is also growing evidence that while Omicron may cause many breakthrough cases among previously infected or previously vaccinated populations, the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease among them will be lower, they added.

名詞

breakthrough (plural breakthroughs)

1. (military) An advance through and past enemy lines.
2. Any major progress; such as a great innovation or discovery that overcomes a significant obstacle.

   Albert Einstein is credited with making some of the greatest breakthroughs in modern physics.

   • 2011 February 10, Lev Grossman, “2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal”, in Time‎, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 21 March 2025:

     In [Raymond] Kurzweil’s future, biotechnology and nanotechnology give us the power to manipulate our bodies and the world around us at will, at the molecular level. Progress hyperaccelerates, and every hour brings a century’s worth of scientific breakthroughs.

   • 2020 May 20, Andrew Haines talks to Stefanie Foster, “Repurpose rail for the 2020s”, in Rail, page 33:

     "Secondly, we have to find more cost-effective ways of electrifying. And we've had a real breakthrough in the last couple of years in terms of bridge clearances and immunisation, meaning we've been able to take hundreds of millions of pounds off the cost of electrification.

3. (sports) The penetration of the opposition's defence.
   • 2011 September 29, Jon Smith, “Tottenham 3 - 1 Shamrock Rovers”, in BBC Sport‎, archived from the original on 8 December 2022:

     But with the lively Dos Santos pulling the strings behind strikers Pavlyuchenko and Defoe, Spurs controlled the first half without finding the breakthrough their dominance deserved.

4. (construction) The penetration of a separating wall or the remaining distance to an adjacent hollow (a crosscut in mining) or between two parts of a tunnel build from both ends.

   Synonym: knockthrough

5. (medicine, sometimes attributive) The emergence or one or more symptoms of a condition despite medication or other medical treatment.

   She was on two antiepileptics for five years but then had a breakthrough seizure.

   He was managing his discomfort with common painkillers, but one morning he had breakthrough pain causing him to miss work.

派生語

• breakthrough bleeding

動詞

break through (third-person singular simple present breaks through, present participle breaking through, simple past broke through, past participle broken through)

1. Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see break,‎ through.
2. (intransitive) To gain popularity.
   • 2024 June 26, Stephanie McNeal, “Influencers Aren’t Getting Famous Like They Used To”, in Glamour‎:

     We are in a drought of famous influencers, and it may be here to stay. People just aren’t breaking through online the way they used to, becoming household names and garnering real, mainstream fame.

3. (intransitive, sports) To penetrate the defence of the opposition.
   • 2011 September 2, “Wales 2-1 Montenegro”, in BBC‎:

     Montenegro gave Wales a scare in the first minute at the Cardiff City Stadium when Stevan Jovetic broke through, only to screw his shot well wide.

4. (transitive) To make or force a way through (a barrier).
5. (colloquial) To cross a perceptual threshold during the use of certain psychedelics in which one experiences drug-induced reverie or hallucinations.
   • 2020, DubbyD, im hitting my dmt cart right now‎, spoken by CSGO player Loc T Nguyen:

     I'm hitting my DMT cart right now. Hold up, hold on nigga. I'm hittin' it not enough to break through though. Oh my God! Oh my God nigga ugghh. I'm- ohhh my God, dude! Ohhh, ahhh! Oh my God! Holy fuck! Oh my God! Oohhh. Oohhh! God! Oh my God! Ahhh! Fuck, I'm breaking through bro. Ohh!