hornbeamとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈhɔːnbiːm/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈhoɹnˌbim/
• ハイフネーション: horn‧beam

語源 1

From Late 中期英語 hornbeme, hernbem, hernebem (“European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus)”), from horn (“antler or horn of an animal; etc.”) + bem (“tree; piece of metal, wood, etc.”) (referring to a tree with wood as hard as horn):

• Horn is from 古期英語 horn (“horn”), from Proto-West Germanic *horn (“horn”), from Proto-Germanic *hurną (“horn”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn; head, top”).
• Bem is from 古期英語 bēam (“tree; piece of wood”), from Proto-West Germanic *baum (“tree; piece of wood”), possibly from Proto-Germanic *bagmaz (“tree; piece of wood”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂ǵʰ-mo-s (“branch”) or *bʰuH- (“to appear; to be; to become; to grow”).

By surface analysis, horn +‎ beam (“only in compounds: tree”).

名詞

hornbeam (plural hornbeams)

1. (countable) A tree of the genus Carpinus, having smooth grey bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard, found in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. [from late 16th c.]
   • 1664, J[ohn] E[velyn], “Of the Horn-Beam”, in Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-trees and the Propagation of Timber in His Majesties Dominions. […], London: […] Jo[hn] Martyn, and Ja[mes] Allestry, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, page 29:

     The Horn-beam, in Latine the Carpinus, is planted of Sets; though it may likevviſe be raiſed from the Seeds, […] Thus it vvill advance to a conſiderable Tree.

   1. Especially, the American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana), which is common along the banks of streams in the United States.
   2. Especially, the common hornbeam or European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus).

      Synonym: (UK, dialectal, archaic) hardbeam

      • 1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of the Hornebeame, or Hardbeame Tree”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, →OCLC, book III, page 1295:

        Betulus, or the Hornebeame tree grovveth great, & very like vnto the Elme, or vvich Hazell tree, hauing a great body: the vvood or timber vvherof […] in time it vvaxeth ſo hard, that the toughnes and hardnes of it, may be rather compared vnto horne then vnto vvood, and therfore it vvas called Hornebeame, or Hardbeame: […]

2. (uncountable) The wood of these trees or one species of them; (countable) a sample of such wood.

下位語

派生語

語源 2

From horn +‎ beam (“principal stem of the antler of a deer; ray of light”).

名詞

hornbeam (plural hornbeams)

1. (zootomy) Synonym of beam (“the principal stem of the antler of a deer, which branches grow out from”).
2. (obsolete) A beam or ray of light emanating from the head of a deity like a horn.
   • 1582, “The Third Booke of Virgil His Æneis”, in Richard Stanyhurst, transl., The First Foure Bookes of Virgils Æneis, […], London: […] Henrie Bynneman […], published 1583, →OCLC, page 59:

     With toole ſharp poincted wee boarde and perced his one light [the single eye of the Cyclops Polyphemus], / That ſtood in his lowring front gloommiſh malleted onlye. / Like Greekiſh tergat gliſtring, or Phœbus his hornebeams.

参照

Further reading

• hornbeam on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Category:Carpinus on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
• Carpinus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
• “hornbeam”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.