purgoとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈpuːr.ɡoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈpur.ɡo]

動詞

pūrgō (present infinitive pūrgāre, perfect active pūrgāvī, supine pūrgātum); first conjugation

1. to clean, cleanse, clear, purge, purify

   Synonyms: abstergeō, tergeo, luō, putō, effingō

   Antonyms: inquinō, polluō, maculō, scelerō, contingō

   • 234 BCE – 149 BCE, Marcus Porcius Cato, De agri cultura 65:

     Si inquinata erit, lavito, a foliis et stercore purgato

     If they are dirty, wash them and clean off leaves and excrement

   • 63 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam orationes 1.10:

     Ēdūc tēcum etiam omnēs tuōs: sī minus, quam plūrimōs — pūrgā urbem!

     Lead out with you as well all of your [followers]: if not all [of them, then] as many [as possible] — cleanse the city!

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 28.43:

     cuius ego rei non tam ipse ausim tantum virum insimulare quam ea suspicio, vitio orationis an rei, haud sane purgata est

     It is not so much that I dare to accuse so great a man of such a thing, as it is that—whether the problem lies in his presentation or in the facts—suspicion has hardly been cleared

   • 61 CE – 65 CE, Lucanus, Pharsalia 8.518:

     iam crimen habemus purgandum gladio

     Now, we have guilt which must be cleansed with the sword

   1. (medicine) to purge; cleanse by stool, vomiting
      • 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 25.51:

        purgat per inferna, candidum autem vomitione

        • 1956 translation by W. H. S. Jones and A. C. Andrews

          This purges by stool, but the white kind does so by vomiting

   2. to cleanse (of an illness); to heal, cure
      • c. 35 BCE, Horatius, Sermones 2.3.27:

        novi, et miror morbi purgatum te illius

        I know, and I am surprised that you are cleansed of that illness

2. to exculpate, justify, vindicate, clear someone's name
   • c. 194 BCE, Plautus, Poenulus 1410:

     Ego, Poene, tibi me purgatum volo.

     • Translation by Wolfgang de Melo

       Carthaginian, I want to apologize to you

       (literally, “I, Carthaginian, want myself to be exculpated to you”)

   • c. 190 BCE – 185 BCE, Plautus, Amphitruo 909:

     et id huc revorti ut me purgarem tibi.

     • 2011 translation by Wolfgang de Melo

       and I’ve come back here to apologize to you.

       (literally, “and I have returned here so that I may exculpate myself”)

   • c. 48 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello civili 1.8:

     Is reliquo sermone confecto cuius rei causa venerat habere se a Pompeio ad eum privati offici mandata demonstrat: 3velle Pompeium se Caesari purgatum

     • 2016 translation by Cynthia Damon

       fter finishing the conversation that was the official reason for his journey, he indicated that he had a message of a personal nature from Pompey for Caesar. “Pompey wants to clear himself in your eyes, Caesar."

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 9.26.17–18:

     omnia tutiora quam ut innocentiam suam purgarent visa

     Everything seems safer to them than to try to vindicate their innocence

   1. to apologize
      • c. 190 BCE – 185 BCE, Plautus, Amphitruo 944–945:

        Primum cavisse oportuit ne diceres,
        verum eadem si idem purgas mi, patiunda sunt.

        You ought to have taken caution not to have said such a thing in the first place, but if you apologize to me, I shall have to endure it

3. (transitive) to expiate, lustrate

   Synonyms: expiō, lūstrō

   • c. 50 BCE – 19 BCE, Albius Tibullus, Elegiae 2.1.17:

     di patrii, purgamus agros, purgamus agrestes

     Gods of our forefathers, we cleanse the fields, we cleanse the farmers

Conjugation

派生語

派生した語

参照

• “purgo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “purgo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “purgo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.