heliotropeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

The purple scented flowers of the common heliotrope (Heliotropium arborescens; sense 1.1).

A c. 1878 photograph of a surveying of a heliotrope (sense 4).^{[n 1]}

A heliotrope (sense 6) or bloodstone.

The noun is borrowed from French héliotrope, from Latin hēliotropium (“plant which turns to face the sun; bloodstone”), from Ancient Greek ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (hēliotrópion, “European heliotrope (Heliotropium europaeum); bloodstone; solar clock, sundial”), from ἥλῐος (hḗlios, “the sun”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“the sun”)) + τρόπος (trópos, “a turn”) (from τρέπω (trépō, “to rotate; to turn”) (from Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to turn”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming nouns from verbs)) + -ῐον (-ion, diminutive suffix forming nouns).^[1]

The French-derived spelling displaced Middle English elitrope, eliotropius, elitropium (“plant which turns to face the sun; bloodstone”) [and other forms],^[2] from 古期英語 eliotropus, from Latin hēliotropium (see above); and 古期英語 siġelhweorfa, sōlsece, and sunnfolgend (“heliotrope flower”).

Sense 6 (“synonym of bloodstone”) is from the fact that a piece of the mineral placed in water is said to change the sun’s rays to a blood-red colour: see the 1601 quotation.^[1]

The adjective is probably derived from the noun.

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈhiː.li.ə.tɹəʊp/, /ˈhɛ-/, /-lɪ.əʊ-/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈhi.li.əˌtɹoʊp/
• ハイフネーション: he‧li‧o‧trope

名詞

heliotrope (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 heliotropes)

1. (countable, botany, also figuratively) A plant with flowers which turn to face and follow the sun, such as (archaic) marigolds and sunflowers.

   Synonyms: (廃れた用法) heliotropian, turnsole

   • [1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XXXVII.] Of the Pretious Stone Opalus, and All the Sundrie Kinds. The Faults in Them and the Means to Trie which be Good. Also Divers Sorts of Other Gems and Pretious Stones.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, published 1635, →OCLC, page 614:

     In the Opale, there be obſerved alſo divers blemiſhes and imperfections as vvell as in other ſtones; namely, if the colour reſemble the floure of that hearbe vvhich is called Heliotropium, id eſt, Turneſole: […]]

   • 1603 (first performance; published 1605), Benjamin Jonson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Seianus his Fall. A Tragœdie. […]”, in The Workes of Ben Jonson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, Act IIII, page 413:

     Lac[o]. Theſe forked tricks, I vnderſtand 'hem not, / VVould he vvould tell vs vvhom he loues, or hates, / That vve might follovv, vvithout feare, or doubt. / Arr[untius]. Good Heliotrope! Is this your honeſt man? / Let him be yours ſo ſtill. He is my knaue.

     Referring to a faithful follower.

   • [1604 March 25 (first performance; Gregorian calendar; published 1604), Benjamin Jonson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Part of the Kings Entertainment in Passing to His Coronation [The Coronation Triumph]”, in The Workes of Ben Jonson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, pages 846–847:

     AGRYPNIA, or Vigilance, […] her chaplet of Heliotropium, or turneſole; in her one hand a lampe, or creſſet, in her other a bell. The lampe ſignified ſearch and ſight, the bell vvarning. The Heliotropium care; and reſpecting her obiect.]

   • a. 1627 (date written), Francis Bacon, “[Baconiana Medica. […].] A Catalogue of Astringents, Openers, and Cordials, Instrumental to Health. […]”, in [Thomas Tenison], editor, Baconiana. Or Certain Genuine Remains of Sr. Francis Bacon, […], London: […] J. D. for Richard Chiswell, […], published 1679, →OCLC, page 166:

     Cordials. […] Flovvers of Heliotrope, […]

   • 1664, J[ohn] E[velyn], “Kalendarium Hortense: Or, The Gard’ners Almanac; […] [August.].”, in Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-trees and the Propagation of Timber in His Majesties Dominions. […], London: […] Jo[hn] Martyn, and Ja[mes] Allestry, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, page 73:

     Flovvers in Prime, or yet laſting. […] Star-vvort, Heliotrop, French Mary-gold, […]

   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “The Chase—Second Day”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 621:

     [S]till as on the night before, slouched Ahab stood fixed within his scuttle; his hid, heliotrope glance anticipatingly gone backward on its dial; sat due eastward for the earliest sun.

   2. (specifically) A plant of the genus Heliotropium, especially the common heliotrope (Heliotropium arborescens) which has clusters of purple flowers with a strong fragrance.

      Synonyms: cherry pie, garden heliotrope

      • 1870, B[enjamin] Disraeli, chapter XXIX, in Lothair. […], volume III, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 326:

        As they entered now, it seemed a blaze of roses and carnations, though one recognised in a moment the presence of the lily, the heliotrope, and the stock.

      • 1939 May 4, James Joyce, Finnegans Wake, London: Faber and Faber Limited, →OCLC; republished London: Faber & Faber Limited, 1960, →OCLC, part III, page 561:

        Here's newyearspray, the posquiflor, a windaborne and heliotrope; there miriamsweet and amaranth and marygold to crown.

   3. With a qualifying word: any of various plants resembling those of the genus Heliotropium.
2. (uncountable) The fragrance of Heliotropium arborescens flowers, or a scent resembling this fragrance.
   • 1881, Henry James, Jr., chapter XLIII, in The Portrait of a Lady, New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], →OCLC, page 381:

     He had lost his affable smile, and wore a look of almost military resolution; […] he had always smelt so much more of heliotrope than of gunpowder.

   • 1906 April, O. Henry [pseudonym; William Sydney Porter], “The Furnished Room”, in The Four Million, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co, →OCLC, page 246:

     Ransacking the drawers of the dresser he came upon a discarded, tiny, ragged handkerchief. He pressed it to his face. It was racy and insolent with heliotrope; he hurled it to the floor.

3. (uncountable, color) A light purple or violet colour like that of Heliotropium arborescens flowers.

   heliotrope:  

   • 2006, Thomas Pynchon, “Bilocations”, in Against the Day, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 623:

     Kit woke to see looming over him the face of Dr. Willi Dingkopf, framed by a haircut in violation of more than one law of physics, and a vivid necktie in fuchsia, heliotrope, and duck green, a gift from one of the patients, […]

5. (countable) An instrument that uses a mirror to reflect sunlight for purposes such as signalling, or (surveying) triangulation (where the reflected light is detected by another surveyor positioned some distance away).

   (signalling): Synonym: (dated) sematrope

   (surveying): Synonym: helio

6. (countable, historical) An ancient type of sundial consisting of a bowl with a perpendicular gnomon mounted in the centre.
8. (countable, uncountable, mineralogy) Synonym of bloodstone (“a green chalcedony that is sprinkled with red spots または veins of hematite”)
   • [1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XXXVII.] Of Certaine Gems Digested in Order According to the Alphabet.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, published 1635, →OCLC, page 627:

     The pretious ſtone Heliotropium, is found in Æthiopia, Affricke, and Cyprus: the ground thereof is a deepe greene in manner of a leeke, but the ſame is garniſhed vvith veins of bloud: the reaſon of the name Heliotropium is this, For that if it be throvvne into a paile of vvater, it chaungeth the raies of the Sun by vvay of reverberation into a bloudie colour, eſpecially that vvhich commeth out of Æthiopia: the ſame beeing vvithout the vvater, doth repreſent the bodie of the Sun, like unto a mirroir: […]]

   • 1814, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XXIV”, in H[enry] F[rancis] Cary, transl., The Vision; or, Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise, of Dante Alighieri. [...] In Three Volumes, volume I (Hell), London: […] [J. Barfield] for Taylor and Hessey, […], →OCLC, lines 89–92, page 104:

     Amid this dread exuberance of woe / Ran naked spirits wing'd with horrid fear, / Nor hope had they of crevice where to hide, / Or heliotrope to charm them out of view.

下位語

• hinahina (Heliotropium anomalum)

派生語

関連する語

• heliotropian (noun) (廃れた用法)
• heliotropic
• heliotropism
• heliotropy (まれに)

参考

• Appendix:Colors
• sunward

形容詞

heliotrope (comparative more heliotrope, superlative most heliotrope)

1. Of a light purple or violet colour like that of Heliotropium arborescens flowers.
   • 1904, Jerome K[lapka] Jerome, “Story the Sixth: ‘The Babe’ Applies for Shares”, in Tommy and Co., 1st Canadian edition, Toronto, Ont.: Langton and Hall, →OCLC, page 232:

     "Lady in a heliotrope dress with a lace collar, three flounces on the skirt?" / "That's right, Mr. Bennett," agreed old Goslin. / "It's the Babe himself!" asserted Harry Bennett.

   • 1917 January, Zane Grey, chapter VI, in Wildfire, New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, page 78:

     There was a ten-mile stretch of level ground, blown hard as rock, from which the sustenance had been bleached, for not a spear of grass grew there. And following that was a tortuous passage through a weird region of clay dunes, blue and violet and heliotrope and lavender, all worn smooth by rain and wind.

派生語

• heliotrope cyanosis

Notes

参照

Further reading

• Heliotropium on Wikipedia.
  • Heliotropium on Wikimedia Commons.
  • Heliotropium on Wikispecies.
• Heliotropium arborescens on Wikipedia.
  • Heliotropium arborescens on Wikimedia Commons.
  • Heliotropium arborescens on Wikispecies.
• heliotrope (color) on Wikipedia.
• heliotrope (instrument) on Wikipedia.
• heliotrope (mineral) on Wikipedia.
• heliotrope (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.