-ingとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /ɪŋ/, /ɪn/, /ən/
• (英国発音) (southern North West England, northern West Midlands, Kent) IPA^(key): /ɪŋɡ/^[1]
• (英国発音) (Kent) IPA^(key): /ɪŋk/, /ɪŋɡ/
• (米国発音 かつ Canada, sometimes) IPA^(key): /in/, /iŋ/
• (米国発音, Canada) Homophone: een (some dialects)^[2]
• (英国発音, General Australian) Homophone: ink (some dialects)

語源 1

From Middle English -ing, from 古期英語 -ing, -ung (“-ing”, suffix forming nouns from verbs), from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō. Cognate with West Frisian -ing (“-ing”), Dutch -ing (“-ing”), Low German -ing (“-ing”) Low German -ink (“-ing”), German -ung (“-ing”), Swedish -ing (“-ing”), Icelandic -ing (“-ing”).

接尾辞

-ing

1. Used to form gerunds, a type of verbal nouns, from verbs.

   While forging the sword, something happened.; Trying to forge a sword, he has broken it.

2. Used to form uncountable nouns from verbs denoting the act of doing something, an action.

   A making of a film; The forging of the sword took several hours of planning, preparation, and metalwork

3. Used to form uncountable nouns from various parts of speech denoting materials or systems of objects considered collectively.

   Roofing is a material that covers a roof.

   Piping is a system of pipes considered collectively.

使用する際の注意点

• Compare -tion, which can be applied to some (Latinate) nouns with almost the same meaning: «the activating of the weapon must be stopped» vs «the act of activating the weapon must be stopped» vs «the activation of the weapon must be stopped»; in the first and third phrases the words in bold are nouns, while in the second phrase the word in bold is a gerund and the noun is act, cognate with action.

同意語

• (act of doing something, action): -tion
• (activity): -ery
• (collection): -age, -ery

派生語

参考

• (collection): work

語源 2

From Middle English -inge, -ynge, alteration or replacement by the above of earlier -inde, -ende, -and (see -and), from 古期英語 -ende (現在分詞 ending), from Proto-Germanic *-andz (現在分詞 ending), from Proto-Indo-European *-nt-. Cognate with Dutch -end, German -end, Gothic -�������� (-ands), -�������� (-ōnds), Latin -ans, -ant-, Ancient Greek -ον (-on), Sanskrit -अन्त् (-ant). More at -and.

接尾辞

-ing

2. Used to form present participles of verbs.

   Rolling stones gather no moss.

   You are making a mess.

   • a. 2001, Brian Hall, “Beej's Guide to Network Programming”, “Using Internet Sockets”

     If you are connect()ing to a remote machine […] you can simply call connect(), it'll check to see if the socket is unworthy, and will bind() it to an unused local port if necessary.

語源 3

From Middle English -ing, from 古期英語 -ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz. Akin to Old Norse -ingr, Gothic -�������� (-iggs).

接尾辞

-ing

1. Forming derivative nouns (originally masculine), with the sense ‘son of, belonging to’, as patronymics or diminutives. No longer productive in either sense.

   Browning, Channing, Ewing

   bunting

   shilling

   farthing

2. Having a specified quality, characteristic, or nature; of the kind of

   sweeting

   whiting

   gelding

派生語

参考

• -ed

参照

アナグラム

• GNI, IGN, NGI, gin, nig

発音

• IPA^(key): /inɡ/, [iŋɡ]

語源 1

Variant of -ung.

別の表記

• -ung

接尾辞

-ing

1. Forming nouns from verbs, indicating action, process or material.

語形変化

同意語

• -oþ

語源 2

From Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.

接尾辞

-ing

1. Forming derivatives of masculine nouns with sense of ‘belonging to, son of’.