退職費用の英語

二種免許の取得資格がある者（普通第一種運転免許を3年以上取得している者）を教習生として雇い、二種免許を取得させる事業者もあるが（都内の大手タクシー会社では、グループに自動車教習所を持っている場合が多く、ここで二種免許取得のための教習が可能）､その場合数年（おおむね1～2年）の拘束期間が発生する（この期間を終える前に退職した場合、取得費用を返還しなければならないという契約で雇用されている場合が多い。ただし、法的な拘束力はない）。例文帳に追加

There are some taxi companies that hire people who have a right to take a Class II driver license (who took Class I driver license three years ago or before) as aspiring drivers and have them obtain a Class II driver license (many of the major taxi companies in Tokyo run a driving school as a group company, which can offer training to obtain a Class II driver license), but the people are usually tied to the company for a few years (most of the time, the aspiring drivers are supposed to agree to a contract saying "if he/she quits the company before the training period is over, he/she must pay back the cost for obtaining the license." before they were employed, but this is not legally binding).発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

二　前号に規定する所得の金額は、非永住者の国外源泉所得に係る所得で国外の支払に係るもの及び国内源泉所得に係る所得で国外の支払に係るものについてそれぞれ法第二十三条から第三十五条まで（所得の種類及び各種所得の金額）及び第六十九条（損益通算）の規定に準じて計算した各種所得の金額の合計額に相当する金額とする。この場合において、これらの所得のうちに給与所得又は退職所得があるときは、その収入金額を給与所得の金額又は退職所得の金額とみなし、山林所得、譲渡所得又は一時所得があるときは、それぞれその収入金額から法第三十二条第三項（山林所得の金額）に規定する必要経費、法第三十三条第三項（譲渡所得の金額）に規定する資産の取得費及びその資産の譲渡に要した費用の額又は法第三十四条第二項（一時所得の金額）に規定する支出した金額を控除した金額を山林所得の金額、譲渡所得の金額又は一時所得の金額とみなす。例文帳に追加

(ii) The amount of income prescribed in the preceding item shall be the amount equivalent to the sum of the amounts of various types of income calculated in accordance with the provisions of Article 23 to Article 35 (Types of Income and Amounts of Various Types of Income) and Article 69 (Aggregation of Profits and Losses) of the Act with regard to a non-permanent resident's income categorized as foreign source income that is paid outside Japan and income categorized as domestic source income that is paid outside Japan, respectively. In this case, if these amounts of income include employment income or retirement income, the amount of revenue concerned shall be deemed to be the amount of employment income or amount of retirement income, respectively, and if they include timber income, capital gains or occasional income, the amount calculated by deducting, from the amount of revenue concerned, the amount of necessary expenses prescribed in Article 32(3) (Amount of Timber Income) of the Act, costs for acquisition of assets prescribed in Article 33(3) (Amount of Capital Gains) of the Act and costs for transfer of the acquired assets, and the amount of expenditure prescribed in Article 34(2) (Amount of Occasional Income) of the Act, shall be deemed to be the amount of timber income, amount of capital gains or amount of occasional income, respectively.発音を聞く  - 日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム

このように、近年、企業に雇用される人々の意識が一般的にはリスク回避的になり、開業希望率が減少していることと、第2章で述べたような、近年の労働市場の変化等との関係については、〔1〕1990年代まで大企業を中心とする年功賃金制が「日本的雇用慣行」として定着していると認識され、人々の予想する将来賃金が上昇してきたこと、〔2〕1990年代のデフレ経済の悪影響がまず自営業等の小規模な企業から破産・廃業の増加等の形で現れ、人々の予想する自営業の所得が顕著に低下しリスクが顕著に増加したこと、〔3〕大企業の被雇用者に本格的な雇用調整が及んだのは1990年代後半であったことから、将来の予想賃金が低下するにはかなり時間がかかったこと、〔4〕定年退職後の収入については、「日本的雇用慣行」の下でも不安定性があることが早くから認識され、また、1990年代に企業が中高齢層のリストラを進め高齢者の転職市場は厳しい状況が続き、50歳代の賃金については大企業でも比較的早くから調整が進んだことから、中高齢者にとっては転職と比較して開業することの機会費用が下がった可能性があること、また、この年代の人々はバブル崩壊による持ち家価格の低下等の影響を被ることが比較的少なかったこと等が指摘できる。例文帳に追加

People employed by enterprises have thus generally grown more risk averse in recent years. Regarding the relationship between the decline in the prospective entry rate and recent changes in the labor market such as those described in Chapter 2, attention may be drawn to the following: (1) the seniority-based pay systems found primarily at large enterprises up to the 1990s were recognized as having become entrenched as "Japanesestyle employment practices," and the future wages expected by people rose; (2) the negative effects of the deflationary economy in the 1990s first manifested themselves in the form of an increase in bankruptcies and exits among small enterprises such as the selfemployed, and there was a conspicuous decrease in the incomes and a conspicuous increase in the risks of selfemployment expected by people; (3) as full-fledged employment adjustment did not really impact on employees of large enterprises until the latter half of the 1990s, it took considerable time for future expected wages to fall; and (4) the instability of income after mandatory retirement even with "Japanese-style employment practices" has long been recognized, enterprises restructured their middle-aged and older workers in the 1990s, conditions in the elderly reemployment market remained severe, and wages of employees in their fifties underwent adjustment from a comparatively early stage, creating the possibility that for the middle-aged and elderly, the opportunity cost of entry compared with changing jobs has fallen, in addition to which people in this age group were comparatively less affected by the effects of the collapse of the bubble, such as the decline in home prices. - 経済産業省