pulvinusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /pʌlˈvaɪnəs/, /pəlˈvaɪnəs/
• 韻: -aɪnəs
• ハイフネーション: pul‧vi‧nus

名詞

pulvinus (plural pulvinae or pulvini)

1. (botany) A joint on a plant leaf or petiole that may swell and cause movement of the leaf or leaflet.

Further reading

• Adrian D. Bell, Plant Form (new ed.), Timber Press, 2008. →ISBN

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [pʊɫˈwiː.nʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [pulˈviː.nus]

名詞

pulvīnus m (genitive pulvīnī); second declension

1. a cushion, pillow, bolster to sit or lie upon [first attested in Plautus]

   Synonyms: culcita f, cervīcal n, coxīnus m (Medieval Latin)

   • c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Stichus 1.2.35–37:

     Asside hic, pater.
     ― Non sedeo istic, vos sedete; ego sedero in subsellio.
     ― Mane pulvinum. ― Bene procuras. Mihi satis sic fultumst.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 55 BCE, Cicero, De oratore 1.29:

     Tum Crassum ‘immo vero commodius etiam’; pulvinosque poposcisse et omnis in eis sedibus, quae erant sub platano, consedisse dicebat.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem 2.5.27:

     Nam, ut mos fuit Bithyniae regibus, lectica octaphoro ferebatur, in qua pulvinus erat perlucidus Melitensis rosa fartus; ipse autem coronam habebat unam in capite, alteram in collo, reticulumque ad naris sibi admovebat tenuissimo lino, minutis maculis, plenum rosae.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 62 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares 9.18.4:

     Potes mulo isto, quem tibi reliquum dicis esse, quoniam cantherium comedisti, Romam pervehi. Sella tibi erit in ludo tamquam hypodidascalo proxima; eam pulvinus sequetur.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 110 BCE – c. 25 BCE, Cornelius Nepos, De viris illustribus XVI. Pelopidas 3.2:

     allata est enim epistula Athenis ab Archino uni ex his Archiae, qui tum maximum magistratum Thebis obtinebat, in qua omnia de profectione eorum perscripta erant. Quae cum iam accubanti in convivio esset data, sicut erat signata, sub pulvinum subiciens ‘in crastinum’ inquit ‘differo res severas’.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 40 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Bellum Jugurthinum 71.4:

     Erat ei [Nabdalsae] Numida quidam negotiorum curator, fidus acceptusque et omnium consiliorum nisi novissimi particeps. Qui postquam allatas litteras audivit et ex consuetudine ratus opera aut ingenio suo opus esse in tabernaculum introiit, dormiente illo epistulam super caput in pulvino temere positam sumit ac perlegit, dein propere cognitis insidiis ad regem pergit.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 50 CE, Quintus Curtius Rufus, Historiae Alexandri Magni 3.6.7:

     Diu animo in diversa versato, nulli quid scriptum esset enuntiat epistulamque sigillo anuli sui impresso pulvino, cui incubabat, subiecit.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (figurative) a seat of honor
   • c. 25 BCE – c. 50 CE, Aulus Cornelius Celsus, De medicina 3.18.12:

     Si nihilo minus vigila t, quidam somnum moliuntur potui dando aquam, in qua papaver aut hyoscyamos decocta si t, alii mandragorae mala pulvino subiciunt, alii vel amomum vel sycamini lacrimam fronti inducunt.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca Minor, De ira 3.37.4:

     Minus honorato loco positus irasci coepisti convivatori, vocatori, ipsi qui tibi praeferebatur: demens, quid interest quam lecti premas partem? honestiorem te aut turpiorem potest facere pulvinus?

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca Minor, Consolatio ad Marciam 16.2:

     Cloelia exprobrat iuuenibus nostris pulvinum escendentibus in ea illos urbe sic ingredi in qua etiam feminas equo donauimus

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum Vita Tiberi 73:

     Sunt qui putent venenum ei a Gaio datum lentum atque tabificum; alii, in remissione fortvitae febris cibum desideranti negatum; nonnulli, pulvinum iniectum, cum extractum sibi deficienti anulum mox resipiscens requisisset.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum Vita Gai:

     Per hanc insinuatus Macroni veneno Tiberium adgressus est, ut quidam opinantur, spirantique adhuc detrahi anulum et, quoniam suspicionem retinentis dabat, pulvinum iussit inici atque etiam fauces manu sua oppressit, […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 100 CE – c. 130 CE, Juvenalis, Saturae 1.3.153–155:

     ‘exeat’ inquit,
     ‘si pudor est, et de pulvino surgat equestri,
     cuius res legi non sufficit […] ’

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. (transferred senses) things resembling a pillow:
   1. (agriculture) an elevated piece of arable land, a raised bed or border, bank
      • 116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Rerum rusticarum 1.35.1:

        Violaria in fundo facere non est utile, ideo quod necesse est terra adruenda pulvinos fieri, quos inrigationes et pluviae tempestates abluunt et agrum faciunt macriorem.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica 11.3.20:

        Habet enim velut alium plures cohaerentis spicas, eaeque cum sint divisae, liratim seri debent, ut in pulvinis positae minus infestentur hiemis aquis.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 17.35.159:

        Metienda est et ea pars, quae interiacet, pulvini.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 4th c./5th c. AD, Palladius, Opus agriculturae 3.24.13:

        Seritur oculis sicut calami, quos abscidere et terra leuiter debemus obruere terra fossa et subacta excitatis ad lineam pulvinis, quibus eius oculos oportet infodere.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   2. (architecture):
      1. a support of bricks, to cover the joint between the walls and floor of a barn
         • 4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica 1.6.13:

           Tum deinde cum exaruit, simili modo pavimenta testacea, quae pro aqua receperint amurcam mixta calci et arenae, supersternuntur, et magna vi paviculis inculcantur atque expoliuntur, omnesque parietum et soli iuncturae testaceis pulvinis fibulantur.

           (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      2. a structure of stone inside water, upon which to erect a pillar
         • c. 15 BCE, Vitruvius, De architectura 5.12.3:

           Sin autem propter fluctus aut impetus aperti pelagi destinae arcas non potuerint continere, tunc ab ipsa terra sive crepidine pulvinus quam firmissime struatur, isque pulvinus exaequata struatur planitia minus quam dimidiae partis, reliquum quod est proxime litus, proclinatum latus habeat.

           (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   3. a sandbank
      • c. 4th-5th century, Servius Honoratus, In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii 10.303:

        Dorso iniquo dorsum est durior harena, quae remeantibus fluctibus et euntibus plerumque densetur et in modum saxi durescit, quod a nautis pulvinus vocatur, […]

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   4. (weaponry, unclear) a projecting part of a catapult

      Synonym: chelōnium

      Holonym: ballista

      • c. 15 BCE, Vitruvius, De architectura 10.5:

        Supra minorem columnam chelonium, sive pulvinus dicitur, foraminum II s⟨emissisque⟩, altitudinis II s⟨emissisque⟩, latitudinis.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

語形変化

Second-declension noun.

派生語

派生した語

• → Italian: pulvino (learned)
  • → English: pulvino
• Old Leonese:
  • Asturian: povin
• → English: pulvinus (learned)
• → Proto-West Germanic: *pulwī (see there for further descendants)

参照

Further reading

• “pulvīnus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “pulvīnus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “pulvīnus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• "pulvinus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “pulvinus”, in The Perseus Project (1999), Perseus Encyclopedia‎
• “pulvinus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin