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Wiktionary英語版での「traho」の意味 |
traho
別の表記
- tragō (Early Medieval Latin)
語源
From Proto-Italic *traɣō, seemingly from Proto-Indo-European *tregʰ- (“to drag, pull?”), a variation of *dʰregʰ- (“to pull, draw, drag”).
The closest IE cognates are Old Irish tethraig (“ran away, receded”), Middle Welsh treul (“trouble, weakness”) < Proto-Celtic *trāglo-. Possibly connected with Proto-Celtic *tregess (“foot”), Gothic (þragjan, “to run”), Proto-Slavic *tragъ, but semantically problematic. De Vaan deems a connection with Proto-Germanic *draganą (“to drag, draw”) as formally impossible, but this could be another reflex of a substrate loanword.[1]
Weiss prefers a connection with Proto-Germanic *draganą (“to drag, draw”), under the assumptions that Grassmann's law operated in Latin before liquids so that the resulting initial deaspirated cluster *dr- would then regularly appear as tr- in Latin as it does word-medially.[2]
発音
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈtra.hoː/, [ˈt̪rä(ɦ)oː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈtra.o/, [ˈt̪räːo]
動詞
trahō (present infinitive trahere, perfect active trāxī, supine tractum); third conjugation
- I drag, pull.
- I trail.
- I extract, withdraw.
- I plunder, squander.
- I draw out, extend, lengthen, prolong.
- (of time) I protract, drag out, linger
- I weigh, ponder, consider
- (figuratively) I attract, draw (someone; their attention)
- (by extension) I attract the support of, sway, win over.
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1:
- Ea tum cura maxime intentos habebat Romanos, non ab ira tantum, quae in nullam unquam ciuitatem iustior fuit, quam quod urbs tam nobilis ac potens, sicut defectione sua traxerat aliquot populos, ita recepta inclinatura rursus animos uidebatur ad ueteris imperii respectum.
- This concern in particular troubled the mindful Romans at the time, not so much because of anger, which has never been more justified against any other city, rather because a city so noble and powerful, in the same way that it had attracted the support of a number of communities by its revolt, was thought would again turn attention back towards respect for the previous government once recaptured.
- Ea tum cura maxime intentos habebat Romanos, non ab ira tantum, quae in nullam unquam ciuitatem iustior fuit, quam quod urbs tam nobilis ac potens, sicut defectione sua traxerat aliquot populos, ita recepta inclinatura rursus animos uidebatur ad ueteris imperii respectum.
Conjugation
Conjugation of trahō (third conjugation) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | trahō | trahis | trahit | trahimus | trahitis | trahunt |
imperfect | trahēbam | trahēbās | trahēbat | trahēbāmus | trahēbātis | trahēbant | |
future | traham | trahēs | trahet | trahēmus | trahētis | trahent | |
perfect | trāxī | trāxistī | trāxit | trāximus | trāxistis | trāxērunt, trāxēre | |
pluperfect | trāxeram | trāxerās | trāxerat | trāxerāmus | trāxerātis | trāxerant | |
future perfect | trāxerō | trāxeris | trāxerit | trāxerimus | trāxeritis | trāxerint | |
passive | present | trahor | traheris, trahere |
trahitur | trahimur | trahiminī | trahuntur |
imperfect | trahēbar | trahēbāris, trahēbāre |
trahēbātur | trahēbāmur | trahēbāminī | trahēbantur | |
future | trahar | trahēris, trahēre |
trahētur | trahēmur | trahēminī | trahentur | |
perfect | tractus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | tractus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | tractus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | traham | trahās | trahat | trahāmus | trahātis | trahant |
imperfect | traherem | traherēs | traheret | traherēmus | traherētis | traherent | |
perfect | trāxerim | trāxerīs | trāxerit | trāxerīmus | trāxerītis | trāxerint | |
pluperfect | trāxissem | trāxissēs | trāxisset | trāxissēmus | trāxissētis | trāxissent | |
passive | present | trahar | trahāris, trahāre |
trahātur | trahāmur | trahāminī | trahantur |
imperfect | traherer | traherēris, traherēre |
traherētur | traherēmur | traherēminī | traherentur | |
perfect | tractus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | tractus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | trahe | — | — | trahite | — |
future | — | trahitō | trahitō | — | trahitōte | trahuntō | |
passive | present | — | trahere | — | — | trahiminī | — |
future | — | trahitor | trahitor | — | — | trahuntor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | trahere | trāxisse | tractūrum esse | trahī | tractum esse | tractum īrī | |
participles | trahēns | — | tractūrus | — | tractus | trahendus, trahundus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
trahendī | trahendō | trahendum | trahendō | tractum | tractū |
派生語
- abstrahō
- attrahō
- circumtrahō
- contrahō
- distrahō
- dētrahō
- extrahō
- intertrahō
- intrahō
- obtrahō
- pertrahō
- prōtrahō
- retrahō
- subtrahō
- supertrahō
- tractim
- tractum
- tractus
- tractuōsus
- tractābilis
- tractābiliter
- tractābilitās
- tractātiō
- tractātor
- tractātrīx
- tractātōrium
- Tractīcius
- tractō
- tractōria
- tractōriae
- tractōrius
- traha
- trahax
- trahea
- trahitōrius
- trahārius
派生した語
- Aragonese: trayer
- Aromanian: trag, tradziri
- Asturian: trayer, traer
- Catalan: traure, treure
- Corsican: trascinà, trescinà, triscinà, strascinà
- Dalmatian: trairo, truar
- Extremaduran: trael, trayel
- Friulian: trai
- Gallurese: trai
- Italian: trarre
- Leonese: trayere
- Ligurian: trâ
- Mirandese: traer, traier
- Navarro-Aragonese: traer, traher, trayer
- Occitan: tréger, traire
- Old French: traire, treire, trere
- Middle French: traire
- Old Occitan: traire
- Old Galician-Portuguese: trager, traer
- Galician: traer, traguer, traiguer
- Portuguese: trazer
- Old Spanish: traer, traher, trayer
- Piedmontese: trené
- Romanian: trage, tragere
- Romansch: trair, trer, trar
- Sardinian: tràere, trai, tragare, tràghere, tragai
- Sicilian: tràjiri
- Spanish: traer, traje
- Venetian: traxer, trar
参照
- “traho”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “traho”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- traho in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “trahō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 627
- ^ Weiss, Michael (2018), “Limited Latin Grassmann's Law: Do We Need It?”, in Dieter Gunkel, Stephanie W. Jamison, Angelo O. Mercado and Kazuhiko Yoshida, editors, Vina Diem Celebrent: Studies in Linguistics and Philology in Honor of Brent Vine, Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, pages 438-447
1
porto
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1habit
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2address
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3abide
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4present
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5designated hitter
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6appreciate
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7concern
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8test
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9mean
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10apply
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