-torとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Proto-Italic *-tōr, from Proto-Indo-European *-tōr < *-tor-s.

The ō from the nominative case was made common to all cases. Afterwards nom.sg. -tōr > -tor, by Latin sound laws. Paradoxically, as in other r-stems (soror, -or), in the resulting paradigm the one form with a short stem vowel is the only form whose stem was etymologically long.^[1]

Cognate to Sanskrit: -तृ (-tṛ) (-ता sg (-tā, nom.)).

Cognate to Ancient Greek -τωρ (-tōr), as in δώτωρ (dṓtōr), and -τήρ (-tḗr), as in δοτήρ (dotḗr), from a separate ablaut *-tḗr (agentive suffix).

Compare Latin -trum (instrumental suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *-tr-o-m (instrumental suffix).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /tor/, [t̪ɔr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /tor/, [t̪or]

接尾辞

-tor m (genitive -tōris); third declension

1. -er; used to form a masculine agent noun

使用する際の注意点

The suffix -tor is added to the fourth principal part of a verb to create a third-declension masculine form of an agent noun.

Examples:

cantor (“male singer”); masculine counterpart of cantrīx (“female singer”), from canō (“I sing”)

tōnsor (“male hair cutter”); masculine counterpart of tōnstrīx (“female hair cutter”), from tondeō (“I shear, shave”)

quadrātor (“stonecutter”), from quadrō (“I make square”)

The suffix -tor occasionally is added to a noun to create an agent noun, often in the extended form -ātor, as if from a first-conjugation verb.

Examples:

gladiātor (“gladiator”), from gladius (“sword”)

malleātor (“hammerer”), from malleus (“hammer”)

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

派生語

• -ātor
• -tōrium
• -tōrius

関連する語

• -or
• -trīx (“-ess, -rix”) (used to form a female agent noun)

派生した語

参照

発音

• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /tɔɹ/
• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /tɔː(ɹ)/
• 韻: -ɔɹ, -ɔː(ɹ)
• 異形同音異義語: tore (in accents with the horse-hoarse merger), torr (all accents), tour (in accents with the pour-poor merger), taw (in non-rhotic accents)

語源 1

From Middle English tor, torr-, from 古期英語 torr, tor (“a high rock, lofty hill, tower”), possibly from Proto-Celtic, compare Old Welsh *tor (“hill”); ultimately from Latin turris (“tower”), from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis), τύρσις (túrsis, “tower”), of non-Indo-European origin.

Cognate with Cornish tor, Scottish Gaelic tòrr, Welsh tŵr, Irish tor, French tor, and Romansch tor/tur/tuor; the first four are from Proto-Celtic (from Latin turris), the last two directly from Latin turris (from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis) and τύρσις (túrsis)). It is not clear whether the Celtic forms were borrowed from 古期英語 or vice versa. Doublet of tower.

Tor near the summit of Knocknagun, in Wicklow, Ireland

名詞

tor (複数形 tors)

1. (geology) A craggy outcrop of rock on the summit of a hill, created by the erosion and weathering of rock.
   • 1901 August – 1902 April, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, chapter 9, in The Hound of the Baskervilles: Another Adventure of Sherlock Holmes, London: George Newnes, […], published 1902, OCLC 487669963:

     The moon was low upon the right, and the jagged pinnacle of a granite tor stood up against the lower curve of its silver disc.

   • 1855, Charles Kingsley, Westward Ho!: Or, The Voyages and Adventures of Sir Amyas Leigh, Knight, […], volume (please specify |volume=I または II), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan & Co., OCLC 1000395614:

     Bursdon and Welsford were then, as now, a rolling range of dreary moors, unbroken by tor or tree, or anything save few and far between a world-old furze-bank which marked the common rights of some distant cattle farm, and crossed then, not as now, by a decent road, but by a rough confused trackway, the remnant of an old Roman road from Clovelly dikes to Launceston.

2. (South-West England) A hill with such rock formation.
   • 2008, Lydia Joyce, Shadows of the Night‎^[1], Signet Eclipse, →ISBN, page 242:

     She had slipped the letters into her pocket next to the packet of antique documents and had taken an umbrella—as the sky was ominous out over the distant tors—and strolled around the manor house and down the road toward the village.

形容詞

tor (comparative more tor, superlative most tor)

1. Alternative form of tore ("hard, difficult; strong; rich").

アナグラム

• ORT, OTR, ROT, RTO, TRO, ort, rot