electricityとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From electric +‎ -ity.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˌiːlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, /ˌɛlɪkˈtɹɪsɪti/, /əˌlɛkˈtɹɪs(ə)ti/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, [ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪɾi], [ɪˌlɛkˈt͡ʃɹɪsɪɾi], /iˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, [iˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪɾi], /əˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, [əˌlɛkˈtɹɪsəɾi]
• (Indic) IPA: /ˈɛləkʈrɪsɪʈi/
• 韻: -ɪsɪti

名詞

electricity (usually uncountable, plural electricities)

1. Originally, a property of amber and certain other nonconducting substances to attract lightweight material when rubbed, or the cause of this property; now understood to be a phenomenon caused by the distribution and movement of charged subatomic particles and their interaction with the electromagnetic field. [from 17th c.]
   • 1646, Sir Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, 4th edition, page 56:

     Again, the concretion of Ice will not endure a dry attrition without liquation ; for if it be rubbed long with a cloth, it melteth. But Cryſtal will calefie unto electricity ; that is, a power to attract ſtraws or light bodies, and convert the needle freely placed.

   • 1747 July 28, Benjamin Franklin, letter to Peter Collinson, collected in New Experiments and Observations on Electricity, part I, 3rd edition, London: D. Henry and R. Cape, published 1760, page 8:

     For, reſtoring the equilibrium in the bottle does not at all affect the Electricity in the man thro’ whom the fire paſſes ; that Electricity is neither increaſed nor diminiſhed.

   • 1837, William Leithead, Electricity, page 5:

     Attraction, then, is the first phenomenon that arrests our attention, and it is one that is constantly attendant on excitation. It is therefore considered a sure indicator of the presence of electricity in an active state, and forms the basis of all its tests.

   • 1873, James Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism:

     We may express all these results in a concise and consistent manner by describing an electrified body as charged with a certain quantity of electricity, which we may denote by e.

   • 2011 March 29, Jon Henley, The Guardian:

     How does it work, though? It's based on the observation made some 200 years ago that electricity can change the shape of flames.

2. (physics) The study of electrical phenomena; the branch of science dealing with such phenomena. [from 18th c.]

   He took up the job of studying electricity in college.

3. A feeling of excitement; a thrill. [from 18th c.]

   Opening night for the new production had an electricity unlike other openings.

   • 2016 September 28, Tom English, “Celtic 3–3 Manchester City”, in BBC Sport‎:

     The electricity was crackling around Celtic Park even before a ball had been kicked, the home crowd unleashing noise and colour and every ounce of passion in their bodies on the visitors.

4. Electrical power, as supplied by power stations or generators. [from 19th c.]

   This heater draws more than a thousand watts of electricity.

   • 2000, James Meek, Home-made answer to generating electricity harks back to the past The Guardian‎:

     Householders could one day be producing as much electricity as all the country's nuclear power stations combined, thanks to the revolutionary application of a device developed in the early 19th century.

   • 2013 July 20, “Out of the gloom”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

     [Rural solar plant] schemes are of little help to industry or other heavy users of electricity. Nor is solar power yet as cheap as the grid. For all that, the rapid arrival of electric light to Indian villages is long overdue. When the national grid suffers its next huge outage, as it did in July 2012 when hundreds of millions were left in the dark, look for specks of light in the villages.

5. Electrical energy, as supplied by power stations or generators.

   Last year this portion of the grid consumed more than a thousand megawatt-hours of electricity.

   • 2025 July 28, Editorial staff, “How big tech plans to feed AI's voracious appetite for power. As data centres get more energy-hungry, the hyperscalers get more creative”, in The Economist‎, archived from the original on 28 July 2025:

     New facilities consume more electricity than ever. A rack of servers stuffed with AI chips requires about ten times more power than a non-AI version a few years ago. A study by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory found that in 2023 America's data centres used 176 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity. That is forecast to increase to between 325TWh and 580TWh by 2028 (see chart 2), or 7-12% of America's total consumption, with hyperscalers accounting for about half.

6. (business, often attributive) The supply of electricity, as a utility.

   Electricity bosses set to make record profits.

派生語

参考

• alternating current (AC)
• circuit
• current
• direct current (DC)
• earth
• electric circuit
• electric current
• energy
• hydro
• power
• vacuum
• vending machines

参考

• electric
• electron

参照

• Equivalent text in Pseudodoxia Epidemica, 6th edition (1672), p. 53
• de V. Heathcote, Niels H. (December 1967), “The early meaning of electricity: Some Pseudodoxia Epidemica - I”, in Annals of Science, volume 23, number 4, →DOI, →ISSN, WD Q54266797, pages 261–275