luxusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

Perhaps from Proto-Italic *luksos, from Proto-Indo-European *lug-sό-s, from Proto-Indo-European *léwg-os ~ *léwg-es-os (“bend, twist”), from *lewg- (“to bend”), whence also luctor (“to wrestle”). If this theory is accepted, then the term is cognate with Sanskrit rugṇá (“bent, broken”), Ancient Greek λύγος (lúgos, “twig, withe”), Lithuanian lugnas, and Old Norse lykna (“to bend, close”).

形容詞

lū̆xus (feminine lū̆xa, neuter lū̆xum); first/second-declension adjective

1. dislocated

   Synonym: lū̆xātus

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

派生語

• lū̆xō

語源 2

Disputed.

• The rare sense 'dislocation' is presumably an abstract u-stem noun (see -tus) formed on the same stem as the adjective luxus (see above).
• The more common sense 'luxury, extravagance' may be a metaphorical extension from "bending" to "lack of restraint". Alternatively, it may have a separate etymology from Proto-Indo-European *dluk-s-u-, a u-stem adjective built to *dluk-s-ό (“sweet”), itself perhaps from *dléwk-es- (“sweetness”), whence perhaps Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “sweet wine”). However, the etymology of the Greek term is highly contentious, and it may derive from a non-IE substrate. For a semantic association between "sweetness" and "luxury," compare Italian dolce vita.

名詞

lū̆xus m (genitive lū̆xūs); fourth declension

1. extravagance, luxury, excess, debauchery
2. pomp, splendor
3. (rare) a dislocation

   Synonyms: lū̆xum, lū̆xātūra, lū̆xātiō

   • 234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De agri cultura 160, (Ambiguous; could instead be a form of the synonymous second-declension noun luxum, luxī n):

     Ferrum insuper iactato. Ubi coierint et altera alteram tetigerint, id manu prehende et dextera sinistra praecide; ad luxum aut ad fracturam alliga: sanum fiet.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Florida 16.70:

     Nam, ut meministis profecto, cum impedita esset imbri recitatio, in propinquum diem vobis volentibus protuli, et quidem Philemonis exemplo paenissime; quippe eodem die in palaestra adeo vehementer talum inverti, ut minimum afuerim, quin articulum etiam a crure defringerem. Tamen articulus loco concessit exque eo luxu adhuc fluxus est.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

語形変化

Fourth-declension noun.

派生語

• lū̆xor
• lū̆xuria/ lū̆xuriēs

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• “luxus” in volume 7, part 1, column 1934, line 21 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
• “luxus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “luxus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "luxus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to pass one's life in luxury and idleness: per luxum et ignaviam aetatem agere