The major Korean participants in the illegal trading were residents around Sanpo, local merchants, and major merchants in Hansung, and the relationship between the residents around Sanpo and kokyowa was specially described as follows発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

朝鮮側における密貿易の担い手は三浦周辺住民・地元商人・漢城大商であったが、中でも三浦周辺住民と恒居倭の癒着ぶりは「相親相愛,不啻如兄弟,言語飮食,利害緩急,無不共之。」 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

a wheeled vehicle carrying information and gifts from local merchants for new residents in an area発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

地域の新しい居住者のために、地方の商人からの情報および贈り物を伝える車輪の付いた乗り物 - 日本語WordNet

Due to the above reasons, the bad image of daikan—oppressing peasants, receiving bribe from merchants, and ruling local women－has widely spread.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

こうしたことから代官とは、百姓を虐げ、商人から賄賂を受け取り、土地の女を好きにする悪代官のイメージが広く浸透した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

While the riot in Okinoyama coal mine developed into a riot of several thousand people including local residents, Uchikowashi of rice warehouse merchants and residences and arsons to brothels took place.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

沖の山炭坑の騒動は付近住民を加えた数千人規模の騒動に発展し、米問屋、屋敷の打ちこわしや遊廓への放火などが起こった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In addition because local merchants still continued to directly transport goods to open ports, the law did not produce satisfactory results.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

また、在郷商人らも依然として港へ直接廻送を続けたため、法令の効果はあがらなかった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The power of feudal lords including government offices in Kyoto was increased, which made it possible for them to impose business taxes without the consent of za; further, local merchants and manufacturers tried to destroy the authority of za in cooperation with local lords.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

京都における官衙を含めた領主権力が強化され、座の権威を無視して営業税をかけたり、地方の商工業者が地元の領主と結びついて座の権威打破を図ろうとした。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In addition to local officials and hensho (local governors) around Sanpo, some higher-ranked officials of the central government of the Korean Dynasty began to provide merchants some assistance and participate with them in the illegal trading.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

さらに三浦周辺の地方官吏や辺将（朝鮮王朝の地方武官）に止まらず朝鮮王朝中央高官の中にさえ、商人に便宜を図り密貿易に関与する者が出現している。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Japanese main export was raw silk thread, and because exported goods such as raw silk thread were exchanged at higher prices on the trading market than on the domestic market, local merchants, who mediated between a place of production and market, began to sell products wholesale directly at open ports, not to warehouse merchants in big cities such as Edo (now Tokyo).発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

日本からは主に生糸が輸出されたが、生糸などの輸出品は、国内市場よりも貿易市場の方が高値で取引されていたため、生産地と市場を仲立ちしていた在郷商人は、江戸などの大都市の問屋ではなく、直接、開港場へ生産品を卸すようになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

And moreover, he implemented various reforms, such as renewing Edo city through establishing local fire brigades and Koishikawa Hospital, mitigating prohibition of Western knowledge through various measures (lifting an embargo on the import of Western books translated into Chinese characters, permitting cultivation of sweet potatoes, and so on), and handling matters about merchants (issuing Mutual Settlement Decree on money matters, permitting "kabu nakama" [a kind of cartel formed by wholesalers and other merchants], and so on).発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

更には江戸の都市政策（町火消の創設、小石川養生所の設置）、西洋知識禁制の緩和（漢訳洋書禁輸の緩和、甘藷栽培など）、商人対策（相対済まし令、株仲間の公認など）などの諸改革も行われた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In addition to these, Sessai contributed greatly to the height of prosperity of the Imagawa clan by controlling temples and religions, mainly those of the Rinzai sect, and implementing commercial policy to protect local merchants in the Imagawa territory.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

この他、雪斎は臨済宗を中心とした領内における寺社・宗教の統制や、在来商人を保護する商業政策なども行ない、今川氏の最盛期に大きく貢献した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Each region has their own Udon noodles regarded as a special dish cherished because of the suitable soil and climate for growing wheat by local industries such as brewing industries of soy sauce and fisheries, as well as by merchants and others involved in distribution.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

各地で食べられているうどんには小麦の生産される土壌、気候、醤油などの醸造業や漁業などの地場産業、流通を担う商人などの存在により、その地域独特の郷土料理となっているものがある。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Since the financial foundations of Takatsuki Domain of Settsu Province were weak (they also had difficulties monopolizing local products), they floated loans by borrowing money and using Tanomoshi-ko (beneficial association) and goyokin (the money the shogunate temporarily charged farmers and merchants) to solve their financial difficulties.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

摂津国高槻藩では、財政基盤が脆弱で、国産品の専売制も困難であったため、借入、頼母子講、御用金といった起債の形で財政難の対策としていた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

However, in Japanese early-modern times the term 'kaisho' was sometimes used for an independent structure like a merchants association, or a public local gathering hall, office and exchange market, mostly in the urban areas.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

しかし、日本の近世期においては、主として町方において商人組合や地域の公的な集会所・事務所・取引所として用いられた独立した建物が「会所」と名づけられることもあった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

These Soga-Taga clan, Toyota-Sato clan, Fukuchi-Oda clan, and Tawaramoto-Hirano clan issued gin-satsu, which was undertaken by various local merchants who resided outside their respective territories but with whom they had transactions.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

これらの曾我多賀氏、豊田佐藤氏、福地織田氏、田原本平野氏は、それぞれ領外で取引関係にある多様な在郷商人などが引請の銀札を発行した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Therefore, many of the Hatamoto in this area were local samurai or wealthy merchants picked by the Tokugawa family to expand its power and to stabilize the state of the area from around the Battle of Sekigahara to around the downfall of the Toyotomi family by The Siege of Osaka.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

このため、この地域における旗本は、関ヶ原の戦い前後から大坂の陣による豊臣家滅亡前後まで、徳川家が勢力拡大及び地域安定化のために地生えの武家勢力・豪商などを取り立てた例が多い。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Kanjocho were also used by domains, merchants and other citizens, but in a more limited sense they mean a variety of account books prepared by local governors dispatched from the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) for reports to be submitted to kanjosho (financial offices).発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

諸藩や商家など民間でも用いられたが、狭義においては江戸幕府から派遣された代官が勘定所に報告するために作成した各種帳簿を指す。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In addition, he had friendships with Soshitsu SHIMAI, Sotan KAMIYA and others of Hakata merchants and carried out trade between Japan and the Ming Dynasty in China as well as Japan-Korea Trade (however, they actually gained profit by trading with the Ming Dynasty in China and Korea until the late of 15th century and such trade declined after the Sanpo War while actual profit was transferred to local lords on Tsushima Island utilizing the nominal sign of the Otomo clan and wealthy merchants in Hakata).発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

また博多商人の島井宗室や神谷宗湛らと交友し、日明貿易や日朝貿易も行った（しかし実際に明国や朝鮮などとの貿易で利益をもたらしていたのは15世紀後半辺りまでで、三浦の乱を契機に少なくとも明・朝鮮との貿易関係は衰退し、名義上大友氏の看板を利用した対馬の国人や博多の豪商らに実利は移ってしまった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

As the timing of inflow and outflow of specie money did not always match although this business was done every year cyclically and continuously, when expense was needed before attaining the current money, it was unavoidable to borrow gold and silver from powerful merchants (especially kuramoto [sake brewer] or kakeya [merchants dealing in finance]), putting up their annual rice tax or local special products which were to be sold later as security, and they paid back when such rice tax or products were actually delivered.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

こうした取引は循環的かつ継続的に毎年繰り返されるが、正貨獲得時期と正貨支出時期が一致するとは限らず、正貨獲得以前に支出を要する場合には、販売予定の年貢米や特産品を担保として有力商人（特に蔵屋敷に出入りする蔵元や掛屋）から金銀を借りて、実際に入ってきた年貢米や特産品をもって返済することになる。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

While sake was basically produced by the merchants throughout the Edo period in all fields of brewing methods, distribution and sales, local governments or domains, due to the above reasons, started to brew Jizake (local sake) called, in later ages for convenience, Hanzoshu (sake brewed by the domains) by preparing brewing plans, inviting at no small expenses of the domain's technical experts such as Sakashi (sake brewer) (almost the same meaning as Toji [sake brewer]) and Kojishi (a person in charge of the koji-manufacturing) from the advanced regions in sake brewing like Itami sake, Nada gogo (five districts in Nada), Nara style sake and so on and making local wealthy merchants maintain brewing facilities.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

江戸時代を通じて、基本的に酒はその造り方、流通、販売に至るまで商人がプロデュースするものであったが、上記のような理由から藩という地方自治体が酒造りを立案し、伊丹酒や灘五郷や奈良流など当時の酒造先進地域より酒師（さかし-杜氏とほぼ同義）や麹師（こうじし）といった技術者を少なからぬ藩費で招聘し、土地の大商人に醸造設備などを整備させて始めた地酒のことを、後世から便宜上藩造酒（はんぞうしゅ）と呼ぶ。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Behind this were the strengthening of the rule against the farmers which arose during the turbulence of the South and North Courts, opposition against ruling and intervention by Muromachi bakufu and shugo daimyo, and the expansion of a distribution economy and the local economy due to development of transport businesses such as bashaku (shipping agents who used horses) and toimaru (specialized wholesale merchants.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

この背景には、南北朝の動乱期に目覚めた支配下の農民層への支配力の強化、室町幕府や守護大名の支配や干渉への対抗、馬借や問丸といった運送業の発達に伴う流通経済・地域経済の伸張がある。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Taking advantage of Hachiman-bori Canal's geographical advantage, Omi merchants adopted a trade scheme called 'Shokoku Sanbutsu Mawashi (circulation of goods among regions)' in which they shipped local goods (tatami straw mats, mosquito nets, rice, rice wine and others) via land and water and returned with goods from other regions, which in turn were shipped elsewhere, and through this cycle contributed to industrial development in various parts of the country.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

近江商人は八幡堀の地の利を活かし、地場産物（畳表、蚊帳、米、酒など）を陸路や水路を利用して各地へ搬出し、各地の産物を持ち帰り、再び各地へ送り出すといった「諸国産物回し」と呼ばれる商法によって、各地の産業振興に貢献した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Other than the manager of the wakan dispatched by the Tsushima clan, among Japanese who were allowed to reside in the wakan were officers such as local governors (governors in charge of trading), Yokome (job title in samurai family, the job involves watching over officers), the secretary, translators; their respective employees; and also merchants like haberdashery shop owners, tailors, and liquor shop owners.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

倭館に居住することを許された日本人は、対馬藩から派遣された館主以下、代官（貿易担当官）、横目、書記官、通詞などの役職者やその使用人だけでなく、小間物屋、仕立屋、酒屋などの商人もいた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

When a vessel with foreigners such as envoys and merchants arrived at Kyushu, Dazaifu (local government office in Kyushu region) reported the Imperial Court about it and the Imperial Court ordered Dazaifu to stop the foreigners and give them warm welcome in the facilities such as Korokan at Hakatanotsu, Kyushu.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

実際において唐など外国からの使者や商人などの来航者を乗せた船が九州に到着すると、大宰府から朝廷に報告が出され、これに対して、朝廷では大宰府に命じて来航者を博多津に置かれていた鴻臚館などの施設に引き止めて手厚く待遇した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Therefore, the number of Japanese daimyo (feudal lord) and merchants trading with Korea rapidly increased, but because some of them turned into wako (Japanese pirates) once they found unfavorable terms of trade, the Korean government eventually restricted the port of entry for koriwasen (ship for trading with Korea) only to Busanpo, Tongne Prefecture (present Busan Metropolitan City), the location where Local naval officer of Gyeongsang left-sided Prefecture was, and, Naijiho, Jinhae Prefecture (present, Jinhae City, Gyeongsang-namdo Prefecture), the location where Local naval officer of Gyeongsang right-sided Prefecture was, around 1407.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

このため、日本の大名、商人らが朝鮮に通交する者が急増したが、彼らの中には交易に不都合があると倭寇に変貌するような者もいたので、朝鮮政府は1407年頃国防上の見地から興利倭船の入港地を慶尚左道都万戸所在地の東莱県富山浦（現在の釜山広域市）と慶尚右道都万戸所在地の金海府乃而浦（現在の慶尚南道鎮海市）に限定した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The land-tax reform also had a large effect on Japanese commerce and distribution system; that is, prior to the reform rice collected as tax from various clans were sold and distributed by wholesale dealers in Edo or Osaka through storehouses of various clans in Edo or Osaka; the reform allowed farmers to change their rice to cash directly at local rice merchants, who sold rice to the market across the country; thus the previous distribution system collapsed.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

従来の藩が租税として集めた米をまとめて江戸や大坂の蔵屋敷を経由して同地の米問屋に売却するというこれまでの米の流通システムが崩壊して、個々の農民が地元の米商人などに直接米を換金してその代金を納め、地元の米商人が全国市場に米を売却するようになるなど、商業や流通に対する影響も大きかった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In the Sengoku Period (period of warring states), having the territories in Hitokubota and Yoshino, Kando County, Izumo Province as well as in Otakitago, Ano County, Iwami Province, Genzaemon no jo ISHIBASHI and Shinzaemon no jo ISHIBASHI, possibly of the Ishibashi clan, both of whom became the influential retainers of the Sawa clan, a local lord, and were appointed as head of merchants of Unshu (= Izumo County), emerged from the Shimane Ishibashi clan.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

なお、戦国時代には、出雲国神門郡一窪田・吉野や石見国安濃郡太田北郷等に所領を持ちつつ、国人佐波氏の有力家人となり、雲州商人司に任ぜられた石橋氏の一族と思しき石橋源左衛門尉や石橋新左衛門尉が「島根石橋家」に登場する。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In the early ninth century, Jang supported Ennin both physically and mentally for his one-and-a-half-year pilgrimage in search of law by donating the Chisan Fahua Temple in the port city of Chisan in the Shandong Peninsula (where many Silla merchants were residing), saving Ennin from an unlawful overstay in Tang when he was only allowed to stay there for a short while (by negotiating with a local officer to have his Kugen [visitor permit] granted when Ennin decided to overstay).発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

9世紀前半、山東半島の港町・赤山（当時多くの新羅商人が居留するところとなっていた）に赤山法華経院を寄進するとともに、短期で帰国しなければならなかった入唐請益僧円仁の長期不法在唐を実現（不法在留を決意した円仁のために地方役人と交渉して公験（旅行許可証）下付を取り付ける）したのを始め、円仁の9年6ヶ月の求法の旅を物心両面にわたって支援した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス