「shitaji」に関連した英語例文の一覧と使い方 - Weblio英語例文検索

Through Shitaji chubun and Jito-uke, jito obtained not only Shitaji shinshi ken but also the right to control jobun (also called jobun chigyo) gradually. 例文帳に追加

地頭は、下地中分や地頭請などを通じて、下地進止権を手中に収めるのみならず、上分の支配権（上分知行という）も徐々に簒奪していった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Jito, then, through shitaji chubun (physical division of the land) and jitouke (the contract system wherein the manor's owner entrusts a jito to manage his manor and pay the customs), not only acquired the shitaji-shinshi ken but also gradually took the right to control jobun (jobun chigyo (right to control the profit)). 例文帳に追加

そして地頭は、下地中分や地頭請などを通じて、下地進止権を手中に収めるのみならず、上分の支配権（上分知行という）も徐々に簒奪していった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Shitaji chubun was implemented mainly in the western part of Japan from the mid-Kamakura period to the period of Northern and Southern Courts (Japan). 例文帳に追加

鎌倉時代中期から南北朝時代(日本)までを中心に、主に西日本で見られた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Shitaji chubun was done not only between the lord of shoen and jito but also between azukedokoro and jito as well as the lord of shoen and azukedokoro. 例文帳に追加

また当事者も、領主と地頭に限らず、預所と地頭、領主と預所など様々であった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Also, shitaji chubun (physical division of land) started to take place as a solution to a conflict between jito and shoen ryoshu over sakuai. 例文帳に追加

また、地頭と荘園領主との間で作合を巡る争いの解決方策として下地中分が行われ始めた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

As described above, some jito acquired both shitaji and jobun to realize ichien control of shoryo (territories). 例文帳に追加

このように、地頭の中には下地と上分の両方を獲得し、所領の一円支配を実現していく者が現れたのである。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Thereby, requesting the right to appropriate the land (called Shitaji-shinshi-ken or Tochi-shihai-ken [land ruling right]) of the shoen and the territories of kokuga nationwide, shugo gradually attained land. 例文帳に追加

これらによって守護は、各地の荘園・国衙領の下地進止権（土地支配権）を主張し、獲得していく。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In addition, as a solution to dissolve disputes over sakuai (share that each shiki had for taxes) between jito and shoenryoshu, Shitaji chubun (physical division of the land) was started. 例文帳に追加

また、地頭と荘園領主との間で作合を巡る争いの解決方策として下地中分が行われ始めた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The case where chubun (division) of shitaji (land) and/or jobun (profit), such as shitaji chubun, is performed as a condition for wayo in the conflict between jito and ryoke (virtual proprietor of manor) within the manor (division into 2 or 12 parts) is specifically referred to as wayo chubun. 例文帳に追加

なお、荘園内における地頭と領家の紛争において、和与の条件として下地中分に代表される下地（土地）・上分（得分・収益）の中分が行われる場合（折半もしくは12の分割）を特に和与中分（わよちゅうぶん）と呼ぶ。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

With this shugo-uke, the shugo obtained the right to govern the land itself, i.e., the shitaji-shinshi-ken (the right to appropriate the land). 例文帳に追加

この守護請によって、守護は土地自体を支配する権利、すなわち下地進止権（したじしんしけん）を獲得していくのである。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

One was called jobun, which was the profit (from nengu (land tax) and kuji (public duties)) generated from land or by farmers, and the other was called shitaji, which was the land under control. 例文帳に追加

1つは、土地や百姓らから産み出される収益（年貢・公事など）の上分（じょうぶん）であり、もう1つは、支配する土地そのものの下地（したじ）である。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The background behind the above is considered to be the fact that jito began to pursue the unified ruling of land by annulling the multi-layered land ruling system and obtaining Shitaji shinshi ken (the right to shitaji) since the legal status of shoen became stable thanks to the Kamakura Bakufu's authorization of jito's right to rule the land (ando). 例文帳に追加

これは、鎌倉殿による地頭に対する土地支配権の承認（安堵）が荘園の持つ不安定な法的地位を改善したために、地頭側が、これまでの重層的な土地支配関係を解消し、下地進止権の獲得を通じた一元的な土地支配を指向するようになっていったためと考えられている。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Sometimes territories were divided based on mutual agreement (called "wayo chubun") and sometimes lines were drawn in manors and imperial territories to show boundaries (called "shitaji chubun"). 例文帳に追加

中分には、両者の談合（和与）で決着する和与中分（わよちゅうぶん）や、荘園・公領に境界を引いて完全に分割する下地中分（したじちゅうぶん）があった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In response, samurai families, supported by their military power, did not accept Shitaji chubun (a physical division of the land) and refused to return territory that had originally belonged to temples, shrines and Kuge, setting aside the Imperial Court's territories. 例文帳に追加

そのために朝廷の所領についてはともかく、寺社・公家の所領に関しては武家は軍事的実力を背景に下地中分・返還には応じなかった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

However, the revenues from shoen had gradually decreased because of the nonpayment of tribute, shitaji chubun (physical division of the land), and the introduction of hanzei (the system in the Muromachi period where the Muromachi bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun] allowed military governors, or Shugo, to collect half of the taxes from manors and demesnes as military fund). 例文帳に追加

だが、次第に年貢の未進・下地中分や半済の進行によって荘園からの収入が途絶える事態が生じるようになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

As both parties involved in Shitaji chubun agreed to mutually respect the other party's open-end right to rule the divided land, jito became the legal and perfect owner of their land. 例文帳に追加

分割された土地については、両者互いに完全支配を認め合ったので、地頭は自分側の土地については、法的にも完全な領主となることとなった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Accordingly, some of the jito achieved ichien shihai (complete ruling) of their territory by obtaining the right to both shitaji and jobun and started to take on the character of zaich-ryoshu (local lord). 例文帳に追加

このように、地頭の中には下地と上分の両方を獲得し、所領の一円支配を実現し、在地領主としての性格を強めていく者が現れた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Under this system, lands from which proceeds (nengu (tribute) and kuji (public service) etc) were gained were called shitaji while the proceeds which were gained from lands/peasants were called jobun. 例文帳に追加

この制度上、その支配する収益権のある土地自体を、土地や百姓らから産み出される収益（年貢・公事など）を指す上分（じょうぶん）に対して、下地（したじ）と呼んだ。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Ryoshi were allowed to enter the honjo-ichienchi, which were off-limits to shugo (provincial constable), in order to execute their duties, and in some cases, were authorized to order shitaji jungyo (implementation of decisions regarding land) to the honjo side. 例文帳に追加

両使には、任務遂行のため、守護不入とされている本所一円地への入部が許されており、さらに本所側へ下地遵行を指示する権限が与えられていることもあった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Light from the engawa (veranda) is shielded by a plastered clay wall in which windows are set to enable artistic control of the light, such as shitaji mado, or a window in which the inner structure of the plaster wall is shown; renji mado, or a window with a lattice; tsukiage mado, or a skylight window in the ceiling that can be opened by a stick. 例文帳に追加

縁側からの採光を土壁でさえぎり、そこに必要に応じて「窓（下地窓、連子窓、突き上げ窓など）」をあけることにより光による自在な演出が可能となった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

However, while the lords of such Shoen had the privilege to gain a pre-fixed profit even in the year of poor harvest, such pre-fixed profit was low, itto (about 18L) per tan (an area), and they didn't have shitaji-shihaiken (the right to rule the land). 例文帳に追加

ただし、負所の荘園領主は不作の年でも一定の得分を確保する特権を有する代わりに得分そのものが反別一斗程度と低く、下地支配権を持たなかった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

But as the Kamakura period progressed, the samurai-based administrative system, warriors serving as shugo (Protectors) and jito (estate stewards) began to take over kokuga (public) territories and shoen through such means as jitouke (in which an estate steward was contracted by the rightful owner of an estate to guard it) and shitaji chubun (whereby lands were divided between steward and owner). 例文帳に追加

鎌倉時代を通じて、武家の統治機構である守護・地頭に属する武士が、地頭請や下地中分という形で国衙領や荘園を蚕食し始めるようになる。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The shoen manors exempted from the miscellaneous labor tax accumulated zatsueki menden and were scattered and just a given area was appointed in a certain region (gun, go, sho) without shitaji (land) fixed and were exempt from taxation. 例文帳に追加

雑役免型荘園は、雑役免田を集積したもので散在的であり、一定の地域（郡・郷・荘）に一定の面積が指定されるだけで下地の固定されていない浮免（うきめん）だった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The shitaji (lands) were divided into halves and there was wayo chubun (territorial division agreed to by compromise) where the lands were divided into halves by the compromise between the both sides and in some cases the bakufu divided the lands following the claim of the lords of shoens. 例文帳に追加

これは、土地（下地）を折半（中分）するもので、両者の交渉（和与）で中分する和与中分と荘園領主の申し立てにより幕府が裁定する中分とがあった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

As the case of non-payment of nengu by jito, who were obliged to pay to the lord of shoen, often occurred even under Jito-uke system, Shitaji chubun was widely used as a way by which the lord of shoen could secure a certain amount of nengu. 例文帳に追加

地頭請によっても請け負った領主分の年貢等が未進となることが多かったため、領主側としても確実に一定の年貢を確保できる方式として広く行われた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Historical materials which suggest the fact that a map was made by both parties when division was done is "Togo-cho, Hoki Province (Tottori Prefecture) Shitaji chubun ezu," which is often printed in Japanese history textbooks. 例文帳に追加

このような分割が行われた場合に両者が図面を作成したことを窺わせる史料が、日本史の教科書にも掲載されることの多い「伯耆国東郷町(鳥取県)下地中分絵図」である。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Until then the smallest teahouse had a space of 4 and a half tatami mats, but Rikyu made it smaller reducing the number of mats to 3 or even 2, which was only common among the townsmen at that time, invented Nijiri-guchi (a small entrance to the teahouse), Shitaji window, a mud wall and an alcove 120 to 150cm in width. 例文帳に追加

それまでは4畳半を最小としていた茶室に、庶民の間でしか行われていなかった3畳、2畳の茶室を採りいれ、躙り口（潜り）や下地窓、土壁、五（四）尺床などを工夫した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Territories in other various districts owned by honjo were divided in half between a honjo's zassho (a person in charge of miscellaneous tasks) and an azukarinin (person left in charge of one's belongings, etc.) of a samurai family that had occupied the territory taking advantage of Hanzeirei (This could be virtually regarded as Shitaji chubun, which means a "physical division of the land"). 例文帳に追加

その他の諸国の本所領については当分の間、本所の雑掌と預かり人（半済令によって所領を占拠している武家）が半分ずつに分割する（事実上の下地中分）。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In addition, by Muromachi bakufu's structure to harmonize the interests of court noble and samurai, the reorganization of shoen was advanced by Shitaji chubun (physical division of the land) etc., and ichienryo (ichien territory) and bukeichienryo (ichien territory of samurai families) took hold. 例文帳に追加

更に公武の利害関係を包括的に調整できる室町幕府の体制により、下地中分などによる荘園の再編成がすすみ、寺社本所による一円領や武家一円領が定着した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Furthermore, owing to the Muromachi bakufu system in which interests of court nobles and samurai could be comprehensively adjusted, shoen restructuring was implemented through, for example shitaji chubun, and as a result, management of ichienryo (ichien territories) or bukeichienryo (ichien territories of samurai families) by jisha honjo was established. 例文帳に追加

更に公武の利害関係を包括的に調整できる室町幕府の体制により、下地中分などによる荘園の再編成がすすみ、寺社本所による一円領や武家一円領が定着した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In the case of Otanosho (Ota manor) in Koyasan territory, Bingo Province, the Yamana clan officially acquired the right to manage Shitaji (land) in 1402 and became Shugo on condition that they would deliver to Koyasan 1,000 koku (of rice) (a unit of volume: rice 1 koku is 180.39 liter, lumber 1 koku is 0.278 cubic meter) every year. 例文帳に追加

備後国の高野山領大田荘は、1402年に備後国守護の山名氏が将軍から下地知行権の公認を受けることに成功し、年1000石を高野山へ納入する条件で守護請となった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Another measure, which was seen mainly in the western part of Japan where jito came from the eastern part of Japan were placed higher than local kaihatsu-ryoshu or myoshu (owner of rice field), was Shitaji chubun by which jito and the lord of shoen divided the land equally. 例文帳に追加

東国から赴任した地頭が現地の開発領主や名主の上に位置した西日本を中心に、もう一つの解決手法として見られたのが、地頭と領主との間で下地を折半する下地中分である。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

A lord of a manor then made a contract of Jitouke to ensure delivery of their nengu payment in return for leaving the entire manor management to jito, while making an agreement of Shitaji chubun (physical division of land) to halve the land between the feudal lords and the jito. 例文帳に追加

そこで荘園領主は、地頭請の契約を結んで、荘園管理の一切を地頭にまかせるかわりに年貢の納入を約束させたり、下地中分のとりきめをおこなって、荘園の土地そのものを領主と地頭で折半したりした。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

During the time between the beginning of the internal disturbances between the Northern and Southern Courts and the shitaji chubun (the territorial division of the land, shoen, between competing central and local claimants) which was handled according to the Jisha honjoryo no koto Act, the land and land rights of a large number of kuge-ryo territories outside the capital area (Kyoto and the neighboring regions) were unlawfully seized by local warriors ('bushi') and no longer functioned as chigyo ('fuchigyo'), thus plundered ex-chigyo remained nominal and ceased to be the source of income for its lawful proprietors. 例文帳に追加

南北朝の内乱から寺社本所領事による下地中分の過程で京都周辺以外の公家領の多くは「不知行」化されて収入が全く入ってこない名目上だけの存在となる。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

However, the hanzeirei (an order allowing military governors, or shugo, to collect half of the taxes from manors and demesnes as military fund) was enacted by the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) during internal disturbances between the Northern and Southern Courts, and besides, the shitaji chubun (the territorial division of a shoen between competing central and local claimants) was performed with shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors that became daimyo) with an exception of the case of watari ryo (the land which the Fujiwara family hereditarily succeeded) including the territories of the imperial household and the sekkan-ke families, due to the Jisha honjoryo no koto Act (an act issued by the third shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, which was a collection of basic policies of the Muromachi bakufu regarding territorial lawsuits). 例文帳に追加

だが、南北朝の内乱の中で室町幕府による半済令が行われ、更に寺社本所領事によって、皇室領・摂関家の渡領などを例外として実質上の守護大名との下地中分が行われた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Shitaji chubun is a term which was used in medieval Japan and it means the division of the land implemented, under the situation where the ruling system of or rights to the land were entangled in a multi-layered way under shoen koryo sei (the system of public lands and private estates), with the aim of achieving the unified land ruling system (Ichien chigyo). 例文帳に追加

下地中分（したじちゅうぶん）とは、日本の中世日本に使用された用語で、荘園公領制下の重層的に入り組んだ支配・権利関係の中で、それぞれの主体が一元的に土地を支配すること（一円知行）を目的にして行われた、土地の分割を指し示す用語である。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

This development stimulated the proliferation of Shinryo ichien chigyo not only from the samurai side through jito-uke (system under which the jito controls a manor and pays a fixed fee to its owner) and shitaji-chubun (halving of revenue source land) but also from ryoke (lords of manors), resulting in the beginning of breakdown of the traditional system of occupational positions based on status differences, which involved the emergence of jito having a ryoke position and vice versa, and eventually in a major change of ryoke positions and jito positions in manors and public estates. 例文帳に追加

この動きにより、地頭請、下地中分等を通じた武家の側からのみならず、領家側からの一円知行化が活発となり、領家職を持つ地頭や地頭職を持つ領家が現れるなど、従来の身分格差に応じた職の体系が崩れだし、荘園・公領における領家職・地頭職のあり方が大きく変わることとなった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

To cope with this situation, the Muromachi bakufu took the attitude of rejecting all the cases of embezzlement by forcing shitaji chubun (physical division of the shoen) on the jisha honjoryo by promulgating oan no hanzeirei (half-tax decrees in the oan era) (but, even the half-tax measure was rejected for kinri goryo, denka watariryo, and honjo ichien shihaichi); however, during the Sengoku period (warring states period), the decree became in name only and most part of the jisha honjoryo except for the land under the direct rule was deprived by sengoku daimyo (local chieftain of warring province) and kokujin (leading local warrior). 例文帳に追加

そのため、室町幕府は応安の半済令を定めて寺社本所領の下地中分を強行する代わりに一切の押領を認めない（ただし、禁裏御料・殿下渡領・本所一円支配地は半済そのものも否認する）姿勢を取ったが、戦国時代(日本)になるとそれも有名無実化して直務支配下にあった一部例外を除いたほとんどの寺社本所領は戦国大名や国人に奪われていくことになる。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス