Gavelとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈɡa.vəl/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈɡæ.vəl/

語源 1

From 中期英語 gavel, from 古期英語 gafol, from Proto-West Germanic *gabul, from Proto-Germanic *gebaną (“to give”), equivalent to give +‎ -el.

名詞

gavel (countable and uncountable, plural gavels)

1. (historical) Rent.
2. (obsolete) Usury; interest on money.
3. (historical) An old Saxon and Welsh form of tenure by which an estate passed, on the holder's death, to all the sons equally; also called gavelkind.

派生語

動詞

gavel (third-person singular simple present gavels, present participle (US) gaveling or (UK) gavelling, simple past and past participle (US) gaveled or (UK) gavelled)

1. (transitive) To divide or distribute according to the gavel system.

語源 2

Origin obscure. Possibly an alteration of dialectal cavel, a variant of kevel (“a stone mason's axe with a flat face, a cleat or bollard”), from 中期英語 kevel (“a mason's hammer”), from Old Norse kefli (“a piece of wood, stick, cylinder, mangle”). Cognate with Norwegian kjevle (“rolling pin”).

名詞

gavel (plural gavels)

1. A wooden mallet, used by a courtroom judge, or by a committee chairman, struck against a sounding block to quieten those present, or by an auctioneer to accept the highest bid at auction.
   • 2019 January 2, Sheryl Gay Stolberg, “Nancy Pelosi, Icon of Female Power, Will Reclaim Role as Speaker and Seal a Place in History”, in New York Times‎:

     More than three decades later, Ms. Pelosi is all but assured on Thursday of reclaiming her former title as speaker of the House, the first lawmaker in more than half a century to hold the office twice. With the gavel in hand, she will cement her status as the highest-ranking and most powerful elected woman in American political history.

2. (metonymic, chiefly US) The beginning or end of legal proceedings.
3. (metonymic, chiefly US) The legal system as a whole.
4. A mason's setting maul.

派生語

• gavel-to-gavel

動詞

gavel (third-person singular simple present gavels, present participle (US) gaveling or (UK) gavelling, simple past and past participle (US) gaveled or (UK) gavelled)

1. To use a gavel.
2. To begin or end legal proceedings

   The judge gavelled for order in the courtroom after the defendant burst out with a confession.

使用する際の注意点

• In US English, the participles are gaveled and gaveling; in British, Canadian, Australian and New Zealand English they are gavelled and gavelling.

派生語

• gavel out
• gavel to order

語源 3

From Old French gavelle (cf. Modern French javelle) probably diminutive from Latin capulus (“handle”), from capere (“to lay hold of, seize”); or compare Welsh gafael (“hold, grasp”). Compare heave.

名詞

gavel (plural gavels)

1. A small heap of grain, not tied up into a bundle.
   • 1857, United States Patent Office, Commissioner of Patents Annual Report:

     The combination with a mechanical rake of the roof or screen herein described, or the equivalent thereof, to intervene and keep the gavel of grain collected on the platform separated during its discharge

語源 4

名詞

gavel (plural gavels)

1. (Scotland, archaic, architecture) A gable.

参照

アナグラム

• glave

語源

Inherited from 古期英語 gafol, ġeafol, from Proto-West Germanic *gabul; compare yiven.

East Anglian and East Saxon forms in -o- are paralleled by similar forms of navele, implying that a late 古期英語 development from /a/ to /o/ occurred in those areas (compare East Saxon 古期英語 gofol). Forms with /b/ are probably influenced by Medieval Latin gabulum or Middle French gabelle given their attestation in formal legal writings, though compare the development of /vəl/ to /bəl/ seen in modern dialectal nable (“navel”).

発音

• IPA: /ˈɡaːvəl/, /ˈɡavəl/, (Late Middle English) /-bəl/
• IPA: /ˈɡɔ̞ːvəl/, /ˈɡɔvəl/ (East Anglia, East Saxon)

名詞

gavel (uncountable)

1. A tax; a payment due to a government.
2. Usury; moneylending while charging interest.
3. Interest paid on a loan.

関連する語

• gavelkynde

派生した語

• English: gavel; gabel; gale (historical or obsolete)

参照

• “gā̆vel, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.