Mutoとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (“to exchange”).

動詞

mūtō (present infinitive mūtāre, perfect active mūtāvī, supine mūtātum); first conjugation

1. to move, remove

   Synonym: moveo

   in melius mutare ― to change to a better condition, improve

2. (transitive) to alter, change, modify, transform

   Synonyms: alterō, trānsferō, commūtō, versō, vertō, cōnferō

   mutatis mutandis ― the necessary changes having been made

   • 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Cato Maior De Senectute 4.10:

     Ego Q. Maximum, eum quī Tarentum recēpit, senem adulēscēns ita dīlēxī, ut aequālem; erat enim in illō virō comitātē condita gravitās, nec senectūs mōrēs mūtāverat.

     When I was a young man, I loved Quintus Maximus — the man who recaptured Tarentum — as if he were my peer, even though he was then an old man. For in that man, there was a dignity seasoned with courtesy, and old age had not altered his character.
     (Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, surnamed Cunctator.)

3. to vary, diversify
4. to mutate, spoil
5. to exchange, barter, sell

   Synonyms: commūtō, reparō

6. to forsake, abandon, leave

   Synonyms: dēserō, relinquō, omittō, dēdō, dēcēdō, dēstituō, dēficiō, oblīvīscor, concēdō, cēdō, dissimulō, trādō, trānsmittō, addīcō, praetereō, neglegō, pōnō, reddō, remittō, permittō, tribuō, dēferō, trānsferō

Conjugation

The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.
At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

派生語

派生した語

Borrowings:

• → Asturian: mutar
• → Catalan: mutar
• → English: mutate, mute
• → French: muter
• → Galician: mutar
• → Old English: bemutian, *mutian
  • Middle English: mouten
    • English: moult
• → Portuguese: mutar
• → Proto-Brythonic: *mʉdad
  • Middle Welsh: mudaw
    • Welsh: mudo
• → Spanish: mutar

語源 2

Compare Old Irish moth (“male organ”). Weiss 1996 proposes a derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *mewH- (“to be abundant, reproductively powerful”), with Ancient Greek μῡρῐ́ος (mūrĭ́os) as a cognate.

別の表記

• muttō

名詞

mūtō m (genitive mūtōnis); third declension

1. (vulgar slang, anatomy) penis
   • c. 35 BCE, Horatius, Sermones 1.2.68:

     Huic si mūtōnis verbīs mala tanta videntī
     dīceret haec animus ‘quid vīs tibi? numquid ego ā tē
     magnō prognātum dēpōscō cōnsule cunnum
     vēlātumque stolā, mea cum conferbuit īra?'

     What if, in the words of his penis, his mind were to say to the man when he sees such troubles: 'What exactly do you want? Do I ever demand a cunt descended from a famous consul or veiled in a fancy gown when my passion grows hot?'

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

派生語

• mutōnium, mutūnium

参照

Further reading

• “muto”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “muto”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "muto", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• muto in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2026), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• “muto”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to keep one's countenance, remain impassive: vultum non mutare
    
  • to alter one's views, intentions: consilium, sententiam mutare
    
  • to go into mourning: vestem mutare (opp. ad vestitum suum redire) (Planc. 12. 29)
    
  • to change one's clothes (and shoes): vestimenta (et calceos) mutare
    
  • to naturalise oneself as a citizen of another country: civitatem mutare (Balb. 11. 27)
    
  • to leave one's country (only used of exiles): solum vertere, mutare (Caecin. 34. 100)
    
  • to change one's tactics: rationem belli gerendi mutare (Liv. 32. 31)
    
• “muto”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray