baitとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English bayte, bait, beite, from Old Norse beita (“food, bait”), from Proto-Germanic *baitō (“that which is bitten, bait”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to cleave, split, separate”). Cognate with German Beize (“mordant, corrosive fluid; marinade; hunting”), 古期英語 bāt (“that which can be bitten, food, bait”). Related to bite.

名詞

bait (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 baits)

1. Any substance, especially food, used in catching fish, or other animals, by alluring them to a hook, snare, trap, or net.
2. Food containing poison or a harmful additive to kill animals that are pests.
3. Anything which allures; something used to lure or entice someone or something into doing something
   • 2017 June 7, Adam Lusher, “Adnan Khashoggi: the 'whoremonger' whose arms deals funded a playboy life of decadence and 'pleasure wives'”, in The Independent‎^[1], London:

     One of the “girls” used in this way, Pamella Bordes, later spoke of being “part of an enormous group … used as sexual bait.”

4. A portion of food or drink, as a refreshment taken on a journey; also, a stop for rest and refreshment.
   • 1817 December​, [Jane Austen], chapter XX, in Northanger Abbey; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume (please specify |volume=I または II), London: John Murray, […], 1818, OCLC 318384910, page page 70:

     The tediousness of a two hours' bait at Petty-France, in which there was nothing to be done but to eat without being hungry, and loiter about without any thing to see, next followed[…]

   1. (Tyneside) A packed lunch.
   2. (East Anglia) A small meal taken mid-morning while farming.
   3. (Northern England) A miner's packed meal.
   4. A light or hasty luncheon.

派生語

参照

• Newcastle 1970s, Scott Dobson and Dick Irwin, [2]
• Frank Graham (1987) The New Geordie Dictionary, →ISBN
• Northumberland Words, English Dialect Society, R. Oliver Heslop, 1893–4
• Todd's Geordie Words and Phrases, George Todd, Newcastle, 1977[3]
• A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Bill Griffiths, 2005, Northumbria University Press, →ISBN

動詞

bait (三人称単数 現在形 baits, 現在分詞 baiting, 過去形および過去分詞形 baited)

1. (transitive) To attract with bait; to entice.
2. (transitive) To affix bait to a trap or a fishing hook or fishing line.
   • 1819 June 23 – 1820 September 13​, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “(please specify the title)”, in The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., New York, N.Y.: […] C. S. Van Winkle, […], OCLC 1090970992:

     a crooked pin […] baited with a vile earthworm

使用する際の注意点

• This verb is sometimes confused in writing with the rare verb bate, which is pronounced identically; in particular, the expression with bated breath is frequently misspelled *with baited breath by writers unfamiliar with the verb bate.

語源 2

From Middle English bayten, baiten, beiten, from Old Norse beita (“to bait, cause to bite, feed, hunt”), from Proto-Germanic *baitijaną (“to cause to bite, bridle”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to cleave, split, separate”). Cognate with Icelandic beita (“to bait”), Swedish beta (“to bait, pasture, graze”), German beizen (“to cause to bite, bait”), 古期英語 bǣtan (“to bait, hunt, bridle, bit”).

動詞

bait (三人称単数 現在形 baits, 現在分詞 baiting, 過去形および過去分詞形 baited)

1. (transitive) To set dogs on (an animal etc.) to bite or worry; to attack with dogs, especially for sport.

   to bait a bear with dogs;  to bait a bull

2. (transitive) To intentionally annoy, torment, or threaten by constant rebukes or threats; to harass.
3. (transitive, now rare) To feed and water (a horse または other animal), especially during a journey.
   • 1470–1485 (date produced)​, Thomas Malory, “Capitulum ix”, in [Le Morte Darthur], (please specify the book number), [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, OCLC 71490786; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, OCLC 890162034:

     And than they com into a lowe medow that was full of swete floures, and there thes noble knyghtes bayted her horses.

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book I, canto I, page 12:

     The Sunne that measures heauen all day long, / At night doth baite his steedes the Ocean waues emong.

4. (intransitive) (of a horse または other animal) To take food, especially during a journey.
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 22, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:

     King Cyrus, that he might more speedily receave news from al parts of his Empire (which was of exceeding great length), would needs have it tried how far a horse could in a day goe outright without baiting, at which distance he caused stations to be set up, and men to have fresh horses ready for al such as came to him.

5. (intransitive) (of a person) To stop to take a portion of food and drink for refreshment during a journey.
   • 1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […]”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J. M[acock] for John Starkey […], OCLC 228732398, line 539, page 89:

     For evil news rides post, while good news baits.

   • 1677 September 23 (Gregorian calendar)​, John Evelyn, “[Diary entry for 13 September 1677]”, in William Bray, editor, Memoirs, Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, […], volume II, 2nd edition, London: Henry Colburn, […]; and sold by John and Arthur Arch, […], published 1819, OCLC 976971842, part I, page 433:

     My Lord’s coach convey’d me to Bury, and thence baiting at Newmarket, stepping in at Audley End to see that house againe, I slept at Bishops Strotford, and the next day home.

   • 1731 (date written, published 1745)​, Jonathan Swift, “[Directions to Servants.] The Duty of Servants at Inns.”, in Thomas Sheridan and John Nichols, editors, The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, […], volume XVI, new edition, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1801, OCLC 1184656746, page 174:

     When he [a servant's master] baits at noon, enter the inn gate before him, and call the ostler to hold your master's horse while he alights.

   • 1743, Robert Drury, The Pleasant, and Surprizing Adventures of Mr. Robert Drury, during his Fifteen Years Captivity on the Island of Madagascar, London, page 62:^[4]

     At Break of Day we arose, and after a short Repast march’d on till Noon, when we baited among some shady Trees near a Pond of Water […]

参考

• bait (dogs) on Wikipedia.

語源 3

French battre de l'aile or des ailes, to flap or flutter.

動詞

bait (三人称単数 現在形 baits, 現在分詞 baiting, 過去形および過去分詞形 baited)

1. (obsolete, intransitive) To flap the wings; to flutter as if to fly; or to hover, as a hawk when she stoops to her prey.
   • c. 1590–1592, William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene i]:

     Kites that baite and beate.

語源 4

Etymology unknown.

形容詞

bait (comparative baiter, superlative baitest)

1. (MLE) Obvious; blatant.
   • 2008, “Power”, in Famous?, performed by Jamie "Jme" Adenuga and Tim Westwood:

     I've been at home all day / Cloning £50 notes, this is sick / But it's a bit bait / Cause all the serial numbers are the same / So I can't spend them in the same place

2. (MLE) Well-known; famous; renowned.
   • 2017, “Bait Face”, in Godfather, performed by Richard "Wiley" Cowie and Ryan "Scratchy" Williams:

     My face is bait, I can't hide it

同意語

• (obvious): See also Thesaurus:obvious
• (well-known): See also Thesaurus:famous

アナグラム

• IBAT, a bit, bati, tabi