1866年（慶応2年）8月末の長幕戦争の講和交渉では、幕府側の勝海舟と安芸国厳島にて交渉した。例文帳に追加

In the peace negotiation of the Choshu-Bakufu War held at the end of August 1866, he negotiated with Kaishu KATSU of the bakufu side, at Itsukushima in Aki Province.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

幕末の1855年、徳川幕府は長崎に海軍伝習所を開設し、オランダからカッテンディーケらを招き軍事顧問とした。例文帳に追加

In 1855 of the end of Edo Period, the Tokugawa shogunate established a Japanese Naval School in Nagasaki and invited several Dutchmen, notably Willem Huyssen van KATTENDIJKE, to serve as advisers on military affairs.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

このほか、鎌倉幕府倒幕時に後醍醐天皇方についた楠木正成（河内国）、赤松氏（播磨国）、名和長年（伯耆国）、瀬戸内海の海賊衆らは、悪党と呼ばれた人々だったと考えられている。例文帳に追加

Additionally, it is believed that Masashige KUSUNOKI (Kawachi Province), Akamatsu clan (Harima Province), Nagatoshi NAWA (Hoki Province), and the pirates of Seto Inland Sea, who took sides with Emperor Godaigo when the Kamakura bakufu collapsed, were so-called akuto.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

勝海舟も坂本龍馬を持ち上げたひとりであるが、旧幕臣という立場で薩長閥に対する反発があったのは、想像に難く無い。例文帳に追加

Kaishu KATSU is the one who also praised Ryoma SAKAMOTO, and it is easy to imagine that KATSU as a former vassal of the Shogun had some resentment against the Satsuma-Choshu clique.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

文久2年（1862年）5月には藩命で、五代友厚らとともに、幕府使節随行員として長崎から中国の上海市へ渡航した。例文帳に追加

In May 1862, by order of the clan, he departed Nagasaki for Shanghai City, China, with Tomoatsu GODAI and others, accompanying the shogunate envoys.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

同年8月に幕府が長崎海軍伝習所を開設し、佐賀藩から常民ら四十八名が第一期生として参加する。例文帳に追加

In August of the same year, the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) opened Nagasaki Kaigun Denshu-sho (Japanese Naval School in Edo) and 48 feudal retainers of the Saga clan including Tsunetami attended as members of the inaugural class.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

翌3年（1863年）幕府の遣欧使節・池田長発一行の上海市寄港に遇し、渡欧を企てるも失敗。例文帳に追加

In 1863, he encountered the group of Nagaoki IKEDA, the Mission to Europe, dispatched by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) when they were visiting to the Shanghai port, and attempted to go to Europe together with them, but failed.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

安政2年（1855年）に江戸幕府が新設した長崎海軍伝習所へ、薩摩藩より選抜されて入所。例文帳に追加

In 1855, Sumiyoshi entered the Kaigun Denshu-sho (Japanese Naval School) established by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) through the selection from the Satsuma Domain.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

江戸幕府による長州征討の際には、三条らとともに九州（福岡藩）へ渡海し、太宰府に逃れる。例文帳に追加

When the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) started the Choshu Conquest, he went overseas to the Kyushu region (the Fukuoka domain) with Sanjo and others, and escaped to Dazaifu (Government Headquarters in Kyushu).発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

幕府では向井氏、長州藩では能島氏、尾張藩では千賀氏のようにかつての海賊衆の末裔たちが世襲して維持した。例文帳に追加

The suigun navies were succeeded and maintained in the bakufu by Mukai clan, in Choshu domain by the Noshima clan and in Owari domain by the Senga clan, who were all the descendants of kaizoku shu.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

これが海舶互市新例（正徳新令、長崎新令とも呼ばれる）で宝永5年（1708年）に施行され、基本政策は幕末まで踏襲される。例文帳に追加

Kaihakugoshi shinrei (also called Shotoku shinrei and Nagasaki shinrei) was implemented in 1708 and its basic policy was observed until the end of the Edo period.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

池田屋事件への報復である禁門の変で、長州側に多数の海軍塾生が加わっていたため、海軍塾は幕府から弾圧され、勝も解任された。例文帳に追加

Since a number of the Navy School trainees fought on the Choshu side in Kinmon no hen incident as a reprisal for Ikedaya incident, the Navy School was cracked down on by the Shogunate and KATSU was removed from his position.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

安政3年（1856年）には幕府が新設した長崎海軍伝習所に入所、国際情勢や蘭学と呼ばれた西洋の学問や航海術・舎密学（化学）などを学んだ。例文帳に追加

In 1856, he entered the Naval Training Center in Nagasaki, which had been newly established by bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), where he studied the international situation, Western studies called Rangaku, seamanship, chemistry, etc.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

高島秋帆の西洋砲術、江川英龍（太郎左衛門）の韮山反射炉、勝海舟の長崎海軍伝習所など、幕府洋学は軍事的実学性の強いものであった。例文帳に追加

Bakufu Yogaku such as Western gunnery of Shuhan TAKASHIMA, Nirayama Reverberatory furnace of Hidetatsu (Tarozaemon) EGAWA, and Kaigun Denshu-sho (The Nagasaki Naval Training Center) of Kaishu KATSU were highly practical for military purposes.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

安政2年（1855年）7月、幕府はオランダから寄贈を受けた蒸気船「観光丸」を練習艦とし、オランダ海軍から派遣されたヘルハルト・ペルス・ライケン大尉以下22名を教官とする長崎海軍伝習所を開設した。例文帳に追加

In July, 1855, the bakufu founded Nagasaki Kaigun Denshu-sho (Japanese Naval School in Nagasaki) in which `kanko maru,' a steam boat donated by the Dutch Navy for training was used and Nagasaki Kaigun Denshu-sho had 22 officers dispatched from the Dutch Navy including Heruharuto Berusu Raiken dajo in Nagasaki.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

脇坂氏は譜代大名であったため、安斐は佐幕派として摂津国の海防警備を務め、元治元年（1864年）の第1次長州征伐、慶応2年（1866年）の第2次長州征伐にも江戸幕府軍の一員として参加した。例文帳に追加

Since the Wakisaka family was fudai daimyo (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family), Yasuaya took a position responsible for the security of coastal defense of the Settsu Province as a member of the Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun), and joined the First and Second conquest of Choshu in 1864 and 1866, respectively, as a member of the Edo bakufu army (the army of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

慶応2年（1866年）、第二次長州征伐では藩海軍総督の高杉晋作から丙寅丸の砲隊長に任命され、同年6月、周防大島沖で幕府軍艦を奇襲攻撃。例文帳に追加

In 1866, he was appointed as a head of the cannon party of Yang Fire Tiger Maru by Shinsaku TAKASUGI, governor of the Domain navy, in Second conquest of Choshu, making a surprise attack on the warship of Bakufu in June of the same year.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

いっぽう、長州藩の長井雅楽が主導する「航海遠略策」が朝廷・幕府の賛同を得て、公武一和の具体策として急浮上する。例文帳に追加

Meanwhile, a policy that recommended improving Japan's navigational skills to communicate with foreign nations, advocated by Uta NAGAI of Choshu clan, was approved by both the imperial court and the bakufu, and emerged as a tool to unite the court and the shogunate.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

勝海舟は長崎に残り、幕府がオランダに発注した「ヤパン号」（咸臨丸）と、それに同乗するヴィレム・ホイセン・ファン・カッテンディーケを団長とする36名の第二次教師団を待つことになった。例文帳に追加

Kaishu KATSU, who remained in Nagasaki, took charge of 'yaban go,' (Kanrin Maru [the first Japanese ship ever to cross the Pacific]) which was purchased from Holland and the second troop with 36 teachers including Willem Johan Cornelis ridder Huijssen van Kattendijke as a head, who boarded 'yaban go.'発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

とりわけ幕府財政の危機は、諸国の幕府直轄金山・銀山の枯渇傾向、長崎における海外交易赤字による金銀の流出、明暦の大火・大地震・富士山の噴火などの災害復興事業による出費などから、いち早く訪れた。例文帳に追加

Particularly, the financial crisis came early for various causes, such as depletion of gold and silver mines under direct control of the Edo bakufu, outflow of gold and silver from Nagasaki that resulted from a deficit in trade with foreign countries, and expense for reconstruction projects after disasters, including the Great Fire of Meireki, some big earthquakes, and eruption of Mt. Fuji.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

この北行伝説の延長として幕末以降の近代に登場したのが、義経が蝦夷地から海を越えて大陸へ渡り、チンギス・ハーン（ジンギスカン）になったとする『義経＝ジンギスカン説』である。例文帳に追加

The Yoshitsune-Genghis Khan theory, which posits that Yoshitsune went across the ocean to China from Ezo and became Genghis Khan, was born in the modern age after the end of Edo period as one further developed from the northern refuge theory.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

文久3年（1863年）5月10日、幕府が朝廷から要請されて制定した攘夷期限が過ぎると、長州藩は関門海峡において外国船砲撃を行うが、逆に米仏の報復に逢い惨敗する。例文帳に追加

On June 25, 1863, after the deadline for the expulsion of foreigners that had been set by the shogunate upon the demand of the imperial court, the Choshu clan fired cannons at foreign ships in the Kanmon-Kaikyo Strait, but was overwhelmingly defeated by the American and French counter-attack.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

土佐藩に仕える儒学者の家に生まれ、藩校でも優秀な成績を修めたが、幕末の緊張する内外の情勢に関心を持ち、長崎で蘭学を学び、続いて江戸の海軍操練所でも勉学に励んだ。例文帳に追加

He was born in a Confucian scholar's family serving Tosa Domain and made excellent grades in a hanko (domain school), and he was interested in the internal and external tension circumstances at the end of the Edo Period, and learned Western studies in Nagasaki and then studied hard in the Navy Training Center in Edo.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

長崎貿易の決済には金銀が多用されたが、この結果、日本の国内通貨量のうち金貨の4分の1、銀貨の4分の3が開幕から元禄までの間に海外に流出したと新井は計算した。例文帳に追加

Since a lot of gold and silver were used in the trade between Holland and Japan, Arai estimated that a quarter of gold coins and three quarter of silver coins circulated in Japan went overseas between the beginning of the Edo period to the Genroku era.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

さらには、支倉常長などのように遠くヨーロッパにも渡った者もいたが、これら海外への拡大の動きは江戸幕府の鎖国政策によって衰退することとなる。例文帳に追加

And there were people who went as far as Europe like Tsunenaga HASEKURA, however, the expansion movement to foreign countries began to decline due to the seclusion policy of Edo bakufu.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

5月10日、幕府が攘夷を実行に移すことはなかったが、長州藩はこれを信じて下関海峡を通過するアメリカ合衆国船を砲撃して遂に攘夷を決行してしまった（下関戦争）。例文帳に追加

On June 25, the bakufu never carried out any action; however, Choshu Domain believed in the words of bakufu and they themselves started expelling foreigners by firing on the ships of the United States that were passing the Straits of Shimonoseki (the Shimonoseki War).発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

開国後の安政4年（1857年）、江戸幕府は長崎海軍伝習所の医学教師としてヨハネス・ポンペ・ファン・メーデルフォールトを招聘した。例文帳に追加

In 1857 after opening a country to the world, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) invited Johannes Pompe van Meerdervoort as a medical science teacher at Nagasaki Kaigun Denshu-sho (Japanese Naval School).発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

逆賊となった長州藩に長州征討が発令され、総大将に徳川慶勝（尾張藩主）、参謀に西郷隆盛（薩摩藩士）が任命されるが、幕臣・勝海舟との会談で長州藩への実力行使の不利を悟った西郷は、開戦回避を模索。例文帳に追加

An order to conquer the rebellious Choshu forces was issued, and Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA (the lord of Owari) was appointed as commander-in-chief, and Takamori SAIGO (a feudal retainer of Satsuma), as military staff, but Saigo tried to avoid the military conflict, understanding the disadvantages of the conflict after discussions with Kaishu KATSU, who served for the bakufu.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

徳川宗家を相続した慶喜は自ら親征の意志を見せるものの、一転して和睦を模索し、広島で幕府の使者勝海舟と長州の使者広沢真臣・井上馨らの間で停戦協定が結ばれ、第二次長州征伐は終焉を迎えた。例文帳に追加

Yoshinobu, who succeeded as head of the Tokugawa family, at first showed the will to participate in the battle himself, but he changed his position and tried to make peace, ending the second attempt to conquer Choshu when Kaishu KATSU from the bakufu side, and Masaomi HIROSAWA and Kaoru INOUE from the Choshu side concluded the armistice in Hiroshima.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

5月12日、小五郎や高杉晋作たちのかねてからの慎重論（無謀論）にもかかわらず、朝廷からの攘夷要求を受けた江戸幕府による攘夷決行の宣言どおりに、久坂玄瑞率いる長州軍が下関で関門海峡を通過中の外国艦船に対し攘夷戦争を始める。例文帳に追加

Regardless of Kogoro and Shinsaku TAKASUGI, who took a cautious attitude towards the foreign powers (or who regarded the expulsion of the barbarians reckless), on June 27, 1863 the Choshu army under the command of Genzui KUSAKA attacked foreign vessels passing through the Kanmon-kaikyo Straight in Shimonoseki, starting a war against Western countries in accordance with the shogunal declaration of the expulsion of the barbarians at the behest of the imperial court.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

その後この学問サークルはモリソン号事件とともにさらに広がりを見せ、蘭学者の長英や小関三英、幡崎鼎、幕臣の川路聖謨、羽倉簡堂、江川英龍（太郎左衛門）などが加わり、海防問題などで深く議論するようになった。例文帳に追加

Their study circle further grew with the occurrence of the Morrison Incident, involving Dutch scholars (a person who studied Western sciences by means of the Dutch language), with Choei, Sanei KOSEKI and Kanae HATAZAKI, the shogunate retainer Toshiakira KAWAJI, Kando HAKURA and Hidetatsu EGAWA (Tarozaemon) being members, covering a range of themes to discuss in detail, even extending to issues of naval defense.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

承久の変の後であり、広元の長男・大江親広は既に幕府の要職から解任されているが、1247年（宝治元年）の宝治合戦の前であり、四男・毛利季光はその翌年に、五男・海東忠成もその後評定衆となる。例文帳に追加

OE no Chikahiro, the first son of Hiromoto, was dismissed from the important post of the bakufu after the Jokyu War, but it was before the Battle of Hoji, Suemitsu MORI, the fourth son, became hyojoshu (a member of Council of State) in the next year and Tadashige KAITO, the fifth son, became hyojoshu later.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

鎌倉幕府の公式日記（もしくはそれに准じるもの）である『吾妻鏡』には壇ノ浦の戦いについては元暦二年三月二十四日の条で「長門国赤間関壇ノ浦の海上で三町を隔て船を向かわせて源平が相戦う。例文帳に追加

In the "Azuma kagami" (Mirror of the East), the official (or semi-official) diary of the Kamakura Shogunate, the battle of Dannoura, listed under the entry of 24th day of the third month of Genryaku 2, is described as follows: 'The ships of the Minamoto and Taira, their forces apart from each other by approximately 300 meters, met in battle on the sea of Dannoura in Akamaseki of Nagato Province.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

幕臣勝海舟は早期停戦を唱えて薩長軍を率いる西郷隆盛と交渉、最後の将軍徳川慶喜は江戸城の無血開城し降伏、交戦派と官軍の間の上野戦争を例外として、江戸は戦火を免れた（江戸開城）。例文帳に追加

Kaishu KATSU, a retainer of the Shogun, advocated an early cease-fire with Takamori SAIGO--commander of combined Satsuma and Choshu forces; Consequently, the last Shogun Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA surrendered Edo Castle without any bloodshed and spared Edo from the ravages of war with the exception of the Battle of Ueno fought between domain and government forces.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

蛮社とは、田原藩士渡辺崋山、高野長英、小関三英ら洋学者を中心に町医者・藩士・幕臣等有志の者が海防目的で蘭学や内外の情勢を研究していた尚歯会（しょうしかい）を、「蘭学という野蛮な結社」と国学者の側が蔑んだことによる。例文帳に追加

Feudal retainers of Tahara domain, Kazan WATANABE, Choei TAKANO and Dutch scholar Sanei KOSEKI organized Shoshikai (association) with interested people like town doctors, feudal retainers of domain and vassals of shogun in order to study Western learning and internal and external situation for the purpose of coastal defense, and scholars of Japanese literature named the organization as Bansha, which has the disdainful meaning "Kessha (association) studying Yaban (barbarous) Western science."発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

幕府は、それまで流通していた古丁銀、極印銀などの領国貨幣に代え、慶長銀による秤量銀貨の統一を理想としたが、貿易対価の支払いによる多額に上る海外流出のため地方まで慶長銀が充分に行渡らず、通貨の統一には元禄銀の登場を待たねばならなかった。例文帳に追加

The ideal of bakufu was to use solely keicho-gin by unification of weight standard in place of currency of daimyo's territory such as kocho-gin and gokuin-gin that had been used before that, but keicho-gin was not distributed as far as local areas since a large amount of money was distributed to foreign countries as a result of payment of trade, and thereby they had to wait for arrival of genroku-gin for unification of currency.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

また、川路聖謨、江川英龍などの幕府要人、渡辺崋山、桂川甫周などの蘭学者、箕作省吾などの地理学者、司馬江漢、谷文晁ら画家、砲術家　高島秋帆、海外渡航者の大黒屋光太夫、足立左内、潁川君平、中山作三郎ら和蘭通詞、オランダ商館長（カピタン）のスチュルレ（JohanWillemdeSturler）など、当時の政治、文化、外交の中枢にある人々と広く交流を持って洋学界にも大きく寄与した。例文帳に追加

He also greatly contributed to the development of western studies by his wide-ranging exchanges with the central people of that time in politics, culture, diplomacy such as Toshiakira KAWAJI and Hidetatsu EGAWA (key Edo shogunate figures), Kazan WATANABE and Hoshu KATSURAGAWA (Dutch scholars), Shogo MITSUKURI (geographer), Kokan SHIBA and Buncho TANI (painters), Shuhan TAKASHIMA (ballistic specialist), Kodayu DAIKOKUYA (returnee from Russia), Sanai ADACHI, Kunpei EGAWA, Sakusaburo NAKAYAMA (Japanese-Dutch translator), Johan Willem de Sturler (curator of Dutch trading house).発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

最終的に徳川家康による領国貨幣とも言うべき慶長小判慶長丁銀が全国統一により公鋳貨幣としての地位を築くことになるが、多額に上る慶長金銀の海外流出などにより地方まで充分に行き渡らなかったため通貨の全国統一を達成するには至らず、依然、各地銀山から発行される極印銀などの領国貨幣が並行して通用し、国内で不足気味の慶長金銀を補佐する役割を果たしていたため幕府も流通を黙認し、また諸国大名が、参勤交代のとき中央貨幣である慶長金銀と交換するための手段としても用いられた。例文帳に追加

Keicho koban (oval gold coin) and keicho chogin (oval silver coin), which can be considered as ryogoku kahei issued by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, eventually established their position as an official currency cast by the government for the unification of the whole country, but were not made sufficiently available in the chiho (regions) because a large amount of Keicho gold and silver flowed out to foreign countries, failing in the nation-wide currency unification, and therefore, ryogoku kahei such as chiho hallmark silver issued by silver mines at various places, were still used in parallel, serving to fill the shortage of Keicho gold and silver, silently allowed to circulate, and used by daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) of various provinces also as a means to exchange with Keicho gold coins, the central currency at the time of Sankin-kotai (daimyo's alternate-year residence in Edo).発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス