anachronismとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From New Latin anachronismus, from Ancient Greek ἀναχρονισμός (anakhronismós), from ἀναχρονίζομαι (anakhronízomai, “referring to the wrong time”), from ἀνά (aná, “up against”) + χρονίζω (khronízō, “spending time”), from χρόνος (khrónos, “time”). Analyzable as ana- +‎ chrono- +‎ -ism.

発音

• (General American, Received 発音) enPR: ənăkʹrənĭzm, ənăkʹrənĭzəm; IPA^(key): /əˈnæ.kɹə.nɪ.z(ə)m/

名詞

anachronism (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 anachronisms)

1. A chronological mistake; the erroneous dating of an event, circumstance, or object. [from 17th c.]
   • 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 30, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I または II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, OCLC 2057953:

     Indeed, that Hall of the Upper Temple is a sight not uninteresting, and with the exception of some trifling improvements and anachronisms which have been introduced into the practice there, a man may sit down and fancy that he joins in a meal of the seventeenth century.

   • 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 53, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I または II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, OCLC 2057953:

     [W]e beg the reader to understand that we only commit anachronisms when we choose and when by a daring violation of those natural laws some great ethical truth is to be advanced […]

2. A person or thing which seems to belong to a different time or period of time. [from 19th c.]
   • 1871, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter XXII, in Middlemarch […], volume I, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, OCLC 948783829, book II, page 400:

     You are too young—it is an anachronism for you to have such thoughts

   • 1956, Arthur C. Clarke, The City and the Stars, page 32:

     His movements, his clothes, everything about him, seemed slightly out of place in this assembly. He spoiled the pattern; like Alvin, he was an anachronism.

   • 1971, Ken Welsh, Hitch-hiker's Guide to Europe, revised and updated edition, London: Pan, published 1975, page 142:

     There exist in Europe a number of independent or semi-independent countries which are complete anachronisms, they are mini-countries which have little business existing in this hurly-burly century, but somehow they survive.

   • 2023 March 3, Ross Douthat, “What a Visit to Disney World Reveals About America”, in The New York Times‎^[1], ISSN 0362-4331:

     The old portions are perfectly preserved […] and yet right there, in their literal backyard, rise the newer portions, the Star Wars district and the Avatar experience, offering the best of current theme park technologies to match the lovingly maintained anachronisms.

3. The aberrant projection of the present onto the past.

関連する語

参考

• anachronym, retronym

Further reading

• anachronism on Wikipedia.

参照

• James A. H. Murray [et al.], editors (1884–1928), “Anachronism”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume I (A–B), London: Clarendon Press, OCLC 15566697, page 300, column 2.

アナグラム

• Monarchians