antidoteとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Latin antidotum, from Ancient Greek ἀντίδοτον (antídoton, “antidote, remedy”), Clipping of ἀντίδοτον φάρμακον (antídoton phármakon, “drug given against”), from ἀντιδίδωμι (antidídōmi, “to give in return, repay”), from ἀντί (antí, “against”) + δίδωμι (dídōmi, “to give”). Compare French antidote.

発音

• (General American) IPA: /ˈæn.tɪ.doʊt/

名詞

antidote (plural antidotes)

1. A remedy to counteract the effects of poison.

   Synonyms: mithridatic, alexipharmic, alexipharmac, alexipharmacum, alexiteric, alexitery, treacle, theriac

   She reached the hospital in time to receive the antidote for the snake venom.

   • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii], page 149, column 2:

     Can'ſt thou not Miniſter to a minde diſeas'd, / Plucke from the Memory a rooted Sorrow, / Raze out the written troubles of the Braine, / And with ſome ſweet Obliuious Antidote / Cleanſe the ſtufft boſome, of that perillous ſtuffe / Which weighes vpon the heart?

   • 2014 December 23, Olivia Judson, “The hemiparasite season”, in The New York Times‎:

     The druids […] believed that mistletoe could make barren animals fecund, and that it was an antidote to all poisons.

2. (figurative) Something that counteracts or prevents something harmful.

   Synonym: remedy

   We need an antidote for this misinformation.

使用する際の注意点

In reference to the specific poison the antidote is protective against, used with the prepositions against or for or used with an explanatory infinitive verb.

下位語

• (poison remedy): antivenom, antivenin, antivenene; universal antidote, mithridate, mithridatium, mithridaticon, theriac, Venice treacle, treacle
• (antidotes made from animal fluids): serum, antiserum

派生語

関連する語

• antidotal
• antidotic
• antidotically

派生した語

• → Malay: antidot
• → Indonesian: antidot

動詞

antidote (third-person singular simple present antidotes, present participle antidoting, simple past and past participle antidoted)

1. (transitive) To counteract as an antidote.
   • 1927, Ernest Bramah [pseudonym; Ernest Brammah Smith], Max Carrados Mysteries:

     Had she been less brilliantly efficient it might have ruined her business; had she been less impossibly absurd it would have spoiled her pleasure, but the two things simply antidoted one another.

   • 2007, Suzanne C. Lawton, Judyth Reichenberg-Ullman, Asperger syndrome: natural steps toward a better life, page 143:

     For his part, the patient must avoid some commonplace substances in order to avoid antidoting or stopping the action of the homeopathic remedy […]

参考

• theriac

参照

• “antidote”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

アナグラム

• tetanoid