costumeとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English costume, custume, from Old French costume, custume, from Italian costume, from a Vulgar Latin *cōnsuētūmen or *costūmen, from Latin cōnsuētūdinem, accusative singular of cōnsuētūdō (“custom, habit”), from cōnsuēscō (“accustom, habituate”), from con- (“with”) + suēscō (“become used または accustomed to”). First element con- derives from cum, from Old Latin com, from Proto-Italic *kom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with, along”). Second element suēscō is from Proto-Indo-European *swe-dʰh₁-sk-, from *swé (“self”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”); related to Latin suus (“one's own, his own”). Doublet of consuetude and custom, which shares most of this etymology.

Verb circa 1823.

発音

• (英国発音, noun, verb) IPA^(key): /ˈkɒs.tjuːm/, /ˈkɒs.t͡ʃuːm/
• (General American, noun) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑsˌt(j)um/, /ˈkɑsˌt͡ʃum/, /ˈkɑs.tʊm/, /ˈkɑs.təm/
• (General American, verb) IPA^(key): /kɑsˈt(j)um/, /kɑsˈt͡ʃum/, /ˈkɑsˌt(j)um/, /ˈkɑsˌt͡ʃum/, /ˈkɑs.tʊm/, /ˈkɑs.təm/

名詞

costume (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 costumes)

1. A style of dress, including garments, accessories and hairstyle, especially as characteristic of a particular country, period or people.
   • 2019, Krissy Aguilar, “Liza Soberano Apologizes for Comments on ‘Black Face’”, in Philippine Daily Inquirer:

     The apology came after a netizen claimed Soberano was supposedly doing a black face, but the latter said, in defense, it was just a “costume.”

2. An outfit or a disguise worn as fancy dress etc.

   We wore gorilla costumes to the party.

3. A set of clothes appropriate for a particular occasion or season.

   The bride wore a grey going-away costume.

使用する際の注意点

• Despite the meaning "traditional clothes," costume may be considered pejorative by some cultures as a reference to their own traditional dress, owing to interference from the sense "fancy dress, disguise" (such as if their traditional dress has often been appropriated by others as fancy dress). For example, many Indigenous North Americans disfavour the term costume to refer to their traditional and ritual garments and prefer the term regalia.

同意語

• getup
• outfit

派生語

関連する語

• customary
• custom

参考

• uniform

動詞

costume (三人称単数 現在形 costumes, 現在分詞 costuming, 過去形および過去分詞形 costumed)

1. To dress or adorn with a costume or appropriate garb.
   • 1847, Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre, Chapter XVIII

     Seated on the carpet, by the side of this basin, was seen Mr. Rochester, costumed in shawls, with a turban on his head. His dark eyes and swarthy skin and Paynim features suited the costume exactly. He looked the very model of an Eastern emir, an agent or a victim of the bowstring.

   • 1942 March, “Notes and News: Monument to a Stillborn Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 88:

     "The Chengtu revolutionaries were fantastically colourful in the Szechwanese manner—they costumed themselves as heroes of the stage and their energies were chiefly occupied in tying ropes across the main streets so that when Imperial officials rode by in their litters they would have to get down and crawl under, losing face.

Further reading

• “costume” in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• “costume” in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

アナグラム

• custome