retortとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

Borrowed from Latin retortus, from retorquēre (“to be forced to twist back”).

名詞

retort (複数形 retorts)

1. A sharp or witty reply, or one which turns an argument against its originator; a comeback.

動詞

retort (三人称単数 現在形 retorts, 現在分詞 retorting, 過去形および過去分詞形 retorted)

1. To say something sharp or witty in answer to a remark or accusation.
   • 1905, Baroness Emmuska Orczy, chapter 1, in The Ayrsham Mystery‎^[1]:

     “It is a pity,” he retorted with aggravating meekness, “that they do not use a little common sense. The case resembles that of Columbus'  egg, and is every bit as simple. […]”

2. To make a remark which reverses an argument upon its originator; to return, as an argument, accusation, censure, or incivility.

   to retort the charge of vanity

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book 5”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:

     And with retorted scorn his back he turned.

3. To bend or curve back.

   a retorted line

   • 1829, Robert Southey, Sir Thomas More; or, Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society

     With retorted head, pruned themselves as they floated.

4. To throw back; to reverberate; to reflect.
   • c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene iii]:

     As when his virtues, shining upon others, / Heat them and they retort that heat again / To the first giver.

   • 1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, Sydney: Ure Smith, published 1962, page 162:

     Glasses were filled, arresting the trooper on a theme of passion; the pariahdom of the country cop, whose self-respect is to retort the law's blackmail for blackmail levied on his self-respect.

同意語

• (sharp reply): comeback, rejoinder, back answer

語源 2

From French retorte.

Retort for distillation

名詞

retort (複数形 retorts)

2. (chemistry) A flask with a rounded base and a long neck that is bent down and tapered, used to heat a liquid for distillation.
   • 1893, Conan Doyle, Arthur, The Naval Treaty, Norton, page 670:

     A large curved retort was boiling furiously in the bluish flame of a Bunsen burner, and the distilled drops were condensing into a two-litre measure.

3. An airtight vessel in which material is subjected to high temperatures in the chemical industry or as part of an industrial manufacturing process, especially during the smelting and forging of metal.
4. A pressure cooker.
   • March 1920, Alice Ballantine Kirjassoff, “FORMOSA THE BEAUTIFUL”, in National Geographic Magazine‎^[2], page 268:

     The retort is above boiling water. Beneath is a furnace. To the right a man is removing the chips from which the camphor has been extracted.

5. A crematory furnace.

派生語

• retort stand