criticalとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈkɹɪt.ɪ.kəl/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈkɹɪt.ɪ.kəl/, [ˈkɹɪɾ.ɪ.kəl]

形容詞

critical (comparative more critical, superlative most critical)

1. Inclined to find fault or criticize.

   Synonyms: fastidious, captious, censorious, exacting

   A good teacher is fair but critical.

   • 2003, Plato, translated by Hugh Tredennick and Harold Tarrant, The Last Days of Socrates, Penguin Books, →ISBN, page 41:

     Let us go back to the beginning and consider what the charge is that has made people so critical of me, and has encouraged Meletus to draw up this indictment.

2. Pertaining to, or indicating, a crisis or turning point.

   This is a critical moment.

   • 1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:

     Such a scandal as the prosecution of a brother for forgery—with a verdict of guilty—is a most truly horrible, deplorable, fatal thing. It takes the respectability out of a family perhaps at a critical moment, when the family is just assuming the robes of respectability: […] it is a black spot which all the soaps ever advertised could never wash off.

3. Extremely important.

   Synonyms: crucial, imperative

   It's critical that you deliver this on time.

   • 2013 September-October, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist:

     Oxygen levels on Earth skyrocketed 2.4 billion years ago, when cyanobacteria evolved photosynthesis: […] . The evolutionary precursor of photosynthesis is still under debate, and a new study sheds light. The critical component of the photosynthetic system is the “water-oxidizing complex”, made up of manganese atoms and a calcium atom.

   • 2018, VOA Learning English > China's Melting Glacier Brings Visitors, Adds to Climate Concerns‎:

     Third Pole glaciers are critical to billions of people from Vietnam to Afghanistan.

4. Relating to criticism or careful analysis, such as literary or film criticism.

   The movie was a critical success, but bombed at the box-office.

   • 2012 April 19, Alexandra Sifferlin, “‘Healthy’ Foods that Really Aren’t: Nutritionists Weigh In”, in Time‎:

     “Unless you are purchasing cereal from a health food store, many brands that are marketed as healthy are usually full of sugar and processed ingredients,” says Garcia.
     So when you’re choosing cereal, bread or any other whole-grain product, Garcia recommends reading labels with a critical eye.

5. (medicine) Of a patient condition involving unstable vital signs and a prognosis that predicts the condition could worsen; or, a patient condition that requires urgent treatment in an intensive care or critical care medical facility.

   Coordinate terms: fair, serious, stable

   The patient's condition is critical.

6. (medicine, by extension) In such a condition.

   The patient is critical.

   Two critical after fatal Wimbledon school crash

7. Likely to go out of control if disturbed, that is, opposite of stable.

   The political situation was so critical that the government declared the state of siege.

8. (physics) Of the point (in temperature, reagent concentration etc.) where a nuclear or chemical reaction becomes self-sustaining.

   The reaction was about to become critical.

9. (physics) Of a temperature that is equal to the temperature of the critical point of a substance, i.e. the temperature above which the substance cannot be liquefied.
10. (botany) Needing great discrimination to be correctly classified; easily confused.

    critical plants

派生語

関連する語

名詞

critical (plural criticals)

1. A critical value, factor, etc.
   • 1976, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Journal of engineering for industry, volume 98, page 508:

     The second undamped system criticals show a greater percentage depression than the first.

   • 2008, John J. Coyle, C. John Langley, Brian Gibson, Supply Chain Management: A Logistics Perspective, page 564:

     Finally, criticals are high-risk, high-value items that give the final product a competitive advantage in the marketplace […] Criticals, in part, determine the customer's ultimate cost of using the finished product — in our example, the computer.

2. In breakdancing, a kind of airflare move in which the dancer hops from one hand to the other.

Further reading

• critical on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Medical state on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “critical”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “critical”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “critical”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.