to temとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from Ojibwe (o)doodem(an).

発音

• (General American) IPA: /ˈtoʊtəm/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈtəʊtəm/
• 韻: -əʊtəm
• ハイフネーション: to‧tem

名詞

totem (plural totems)

1. Any natural object or living creature that serves as an emblem of a tribe, clan or family; the representation of such an object or creature.
2. The clan whose kinship is defined in reference to such an object or creature.
   • 1921, Wilhelm Max Wundt, Edward Leroy Schaub, Elements of folk psychology: outlines of a psychological history:

     The totem members were forbidden to eat the flesh of the totem animal, or were allowed to do so only under specific conditions.

   • 2014, Michael Pomedli, Living with Animals: Ojibwe Spirit Powers, page 165:

     These meanings flow from bear-like characteristics imprinted on totem members. Members of the bear clan may have dispositional, cognitive, and physical capabilities similar to those of bear.

3. (figuratively) A symbol or personification.
   • 2023 January 19, Damien Cave, quoting Richard Shaw, “How Covid’s Bitter Divisions Tarnished a Liberal Icon”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:

     “She became a totem,” he added. “She became the personification of a particular response to the pandemic, which people in the far-flung margins of the internet and the not so far-flung margins used against her.”

4. An arbitrarily chosen object serving as a reminder to check whether one is awake or not, to aid in having lucid dreams.
   • 2010, ren, “Inception and Lucid Dreaming”, in alt.religion.wicca (Usenet):

     The best way to determine if you are dreaming or not is to have a totem in your lucid dreams that does not exist in reality. Inducing yourself is as easy as waking up during the night and practicing as you fall back asleep. Say, "I will be aware I am dreaming while I am dreaming by seeing my totem."

5. A tall object resembling a totem pole.
   • 2014 February 4, Tom Hayllar, A Long Way Walkin’ in Australia: From the Tasman to the Timor Sea‎, Bloomington, Indiana: Balboa Press, →ISBN, page 207:

     Out the front of the Drive-in rose the town’s main tourist attraction, a totem of signs to bizarre places with impossible distances such as Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and so on.

   • 2015, Steve Silberman, chapter 1, in Megan Newman, editor, NeuroTribes: The Legacy of Autism and the Future of Neurodiversity, New York: Avery, →ISBN, pages 20–21:

     There were rumors going around Clapham that he was some sort of wizard. Admittedly, the most striking feature of his estate did not help to dispel those rumors. From a little hillock in the yard, an eighty-foot pole projected into the sky, like a ship’s mast rising from dry land. [...] Despite his eccentric couture and the strange totem rising from his backyard, Henry Cavendish was not a wizard. He was, in eighteenth-century terms, a natural philosopher, or what we now call a scientist.

6. This term needs a definition. Please help out and add a definition, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
   • 2026 June 14, Tom English, “Why Haiti v Scotland was antidote to the ills of world football”, in BBC Sport‎:

     None of their totems turned up in the way we know they can. None had control of the game. None lorded it over an opponent that, in truth, looked a whole lot better than Scotland for large periods. Haiti didn't deserve to lose.

派生語

アナグラム

• motet, motte