MORTALとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈmɔː.təl/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈmɔɹ.təl/, [ˈmɔɹ.ɾɫ̩]
• 韻: -ɔː(ɹ)təl

形容詞

mortal (comparative more mortal, superlative most mortal)

1. Susceptible to death by aging, sickness, injury, or wound; not immortal. [from 14th c.]
2. Causing death; deadly, fatal, killing, lethal (now only of wounds, injuries etc.). [from 14th c.]
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     Blyndfold he was; and in his cruell fist
     A mortall bow and arrowes keene did hold […]

   • 1817 December, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “The Revolt of Islam. […]”, in [Mary] Shelley, editor, The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. […], volume I, London: Edward Moxon […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 263:

     into the plain
     Disgorged at length, the dead and the alive,
     In one dread mass, were parted, and the stain
     Of blood from mortal steel fell o’er the fields like rain.

3. Punishable by death.
4. Fatally vulnerable.
   • 1670, John Milton, “(please specify the page)”, in The History of Britain, that Part Especially now Call’d England. […], London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for James Allestry, […] , →OCLC:

     Last of all, against himself he turns his sword, but missing the mortal place, with his poniard finishes the work.

5. Of or relating to the time of death.
   • 1733, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Man. […], (please specify |epistle=I to IV), London: […] J[ohn] Wilford, […], →OCLC:

     Safe in the hand of one disposing Power,
     Or in the natal or the mortal hour.

6. Affecting as if with power to kill; deathly; related to a life-and-death struggle.

   mortal enemy

   • 1717, John Dryden [et al.], “(please specify |book=I to XV)”, in Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Fifteen Books. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     The nymph grew pale, and in a mortal fright.

   • 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:

     I was in mortal fear lest the captain should repent of his confessions and make an end of me.

   • 2019 February 27, Drachinifel, 13:20 from the start, in The Battle of Samar - Odds? What are those?‎, archived from the original on 3 November 2022:

     Although the Japanese have engaged with little hesitation, they are as surprised as the Americans to be fighting this battle. Although the escort-carrier groups have been under sporadic air attack for over a week, these attacks appear to have been conducted by aircraft from the Japanese Army, who, of course, have utterly failed to mention any of this to their counterparts-dash-rivals-dash-mortal enemies in the Imperial Japanese Navy.

7. Human; belonging or pertaining to people who are mortal.

   mortal wit or knowledge; mortal power

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     The voice of God
     To mortal ear is dreadful.

   • 2012, Olivia Gates, Immortal, Insatiable, Indomitable, Harlequin, →ISBN:

     “It's just...I hesitated to call the police. I wasn't sure you'd appreciate their presence.” He sure wouldn't. Mortal scum he could dispatch. Mortal law enforcement he avoided at all costs […]

8. Very painful or tedious; wearisome.

   a sermon lasting two mortal hours

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Walter Scott to this entry?)

9. (Scotland, Geordie, slang) Very drunk.

   Synonym: mortalled

   • 1995, Alan Warner, Morvern Callar, Vintage, published 2015, page 13:

     Thats nothing, says Tequila Sheila, who told how the summer she was housemaid in The Saint Columba she took this guy back to the staff flats while mortal on slammers and crashed out on him before anything could happen.

10. (religion, of a sin) Causing spiritual death (the destruction of charity in the soul) and thus, a disruption of one's relationship with God.
11. (dated, colloquial) An intensifier.
    • 1914, Ernest Bramah, Max Carrados:

      "We will do any mortal thing you like, Max, if you will allow Parkinson to administer a bromo-seltzer and then enable me to meet the officials of the Direct Insurance without a blush."

同意語

• (causing death): fatal, lethal, baneful

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “susceptible to death”): immortal, everlasting
• (antonym(s) of “of or relating to death”): natal, vital
• (antonym(s) of “causing death”): vital
• (antonym(s) of “causing spiritual death”): venial

派生語

名詞

mortal (plural mortals)

1. A human; someone susceptible to death.

   Antonym: immortal

   Her wisdom was beyond that of a mere mortal.

   • c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     Lord what fools these mortals be!

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

     But then I had the flintlock by me for protection.
     There were giants in the days when that gun was made; for surely no modern mortal could have held that mass of metal steady to his shoulder. The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window […].

派生語

• lesser mortal
• mere mortal

関連する語

• moribund

副詞

mortal (not comparable)

1. (colloquial) Mortally; enough to cause death.

   It's mortal cold out there.