crapaudineとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /ˌkɹɑpəʊˈdiːn/

名詞

crapaudine (countable and uncountable, plural crapaudines)

1. (cooking) A method of preparing fowl and poultry, where the back is split apart and the bird is flattened down the breast, looking somewhat like a toad; spatchcock.
   • 1861, Lady Charlotte Pepys, Domestic Sketches in Russia - Volume 1, page 71:

     “Chicken cutlets,” said she, “or crapaudine, and some serniki — only let them be as good as they were last night.

   • 1915, Hotel Monthly - Volume 23, Issues 262-273, page 51:

     4. Crapaudine of chicken , mashed potatoes

   • 2012, Robert B Garlough, Angus Campbell, Modern Garde Manger: A Global Perspective, page 433:

     The method called crapaudine is another means of preparing a bird for the grill.

   • 2021, Annie Gray, The Kitchen Cabinet:

     But how about a 1970s twist – a chicken crapaudine, which is spatchcocked by cutting under the breast but over the legs, and then flipped out?

2. (cooking) A type of piquant sauce flavored with tarragon, lemon or vinegar, and other spices, that is traditionally served with a fowl cooked in the crapaudine style.
   • 1904, Charles Fellows, The Culinary Handbook, page 49:

     Spring chickens singed, split, washed, backbone andd breastbone removed, trussed out like a frog, seasoned with salt and peper, rolled in olive oil, broiled well done ; served on toast with crapaudine sauce poured around, garnished with parsley and lemon.

   • 2013, The Picayune's Creole Cook Book, page 163:

     Crapaudine Sauce

   • 2015, Charlie Rainbow Wolf, Diana Rajchel, Jill Henderson, Llewellyn's 2016 Herbal Almanac:

     This includes the familiar Bearnaise and tartar sauces, as well as more mysterious sounding ones, like crapaudine (froglike) sauce, which is served with rabbit.

3. A form of torture in which the hands and feet are tied together behind the back, forcing the victim's body to bow, and sometimes accompanied by additional forms of torture, such as suspending the body by the point where the hands and feet are tied or beating.
   • 1910, Erwin Rosen, In the Foreign Legion, page 228:

     A few years ago Herr von Rader and his companions would have been sentenced to quite a curious kind of punishment which was at that time considered in the Foreign Legion to be a radical cure for deserters — a kind of mediaeval torture which, by the way, was not kept for deserters solely, but came into use very often. This was the “silo” and the “crapaudine.”

   • 2000, Alice Bullard, Allen D. Boyer, Exile to Paradise, page 251:

     After several more hours of the crapaudine, the two prisoners were cut down and left chained hand and foot on the ground, exposed to sun, rain, and mosquitoes for twenty-nine days.

   • 2009, Darius Rejali, Torture and Democracy:

     The crapaudine was officially abolished by 1910. In 1920, Jacques Londres publicly protested the practice, suggesting that officers favored crapaudine despite the regulations.

   • 2017, Walter Kanitz, The White Kepi: A Casual History of the French Foreign Legion:

     The crapaudine, however, has never been officially abolished and there is a good chance that it is still being used as one of the ways of breaking a troublesome man's spirit.

4. (obsolete) An ulcer on the coronet of a horse, sheep, or donkey.
   • 1871, Horace Capron, Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture on the Diseases of Cattle in the United States, page 131:

     The morbid principle is eliminated without apparent disturbance, and is fixed in a more or less apparent manner on the surface of the skin, or in certain cavities which have external openings. I this category are included glanders, farey, scrofula, lupus, canker of horses' feet, (crapaudine,) elephantiasis, tinea, lepra, &c.

   • 1892, Armand Goubaux, The Exterior of the horse, page 310:

     The anterior face of the coronet is sometimes the seat of an affection called crapaudine, which is characterized by a peculiar modification of the secretory function of the coronary band, which becomes fissured and cracked after the manner of the bark of an old tree.

   • 2018, Alison Pearlman, May We Suggest: Restaurant Menus and the Art of Persuasion:

     As Spang elaborated: A “crapaud” was a toad and a “crapaudine” was a disease of sheep, so what did that make “pigeon a la crapaudine”?

5. A toadstone.
   • 1863, A Catalogue of the Antiquities and Works of Art Exhibited at Ironmongers' Hall, May, 1861:

     A HORN RING, very massive, with a silver bezel, set with a crapaudine, XIVth Century. It was found near Richmond, in Yorkshire.

   • 1871, W. J. Bernhard Smith, Notes and Queries, page 484:

     In One thousand Notable Things we are directed to set a doubtful crapudine before a living toad, who will disregard it if a forgery, but endeavour to seize it if genuine: "for he envieth much that man should have that stone."

   • 1907, British Museum, A Guide to the Mediaeval Room and to the Specimens of Mediaeval and Later Times in the Gold Ornament Room, page 177:

     Some existing examples are ascribed to the fifteenth century, and in the inventory of the Duc de Berri (d. 1416 ) there is mention of a 'crapaudine' set in a golden ring.

6. A device for calibrating a pendulum consisting of a dilatable plate that produces an artificial tilt of a clinometer.
   • 1973, DR Bower, “A sensitive water-level tiltmeter”, in Philosophical Transactions for the Royal Society:

     This is accomplished by a device patterned after the crapaudine (Verbaandert & Melchior 1958) used to calibrate horizontal pendulums.

   • 1980 August, TF Baker, “Tidal tilt at Llanrwst, North Wales: tidal loading and Earth structure”, in Geophysical Journal International, volume 62, number 2:

     For position (2), 14 months' data were obtained in azimuth 47.8' (pendulum 87 and crapaudine 103) and three months' in azimuth 315.0" (pendulum 88 and crapaudine 114).

   • 1983, Paul J. Melchior, The Tides of the Planet Earth, page 229:

     For any given crapaudine, individual determination of K at Bidston are mostly within 11% of the mean value of K and generally appear to be randomly distributed about the mean, suggesting that between periods of 15 and 65 s there is no significant dependence of K on the period of swing.

7. An heirloom variety of beet originating in France, and considered possibly the oldest beet cultivar.
   • 1882, Journal of Horticulture and Practical Gardening - Volume 3, page 425:

     The true type of the crapaudine is 4 inches broad at the superior part, and becomes very regularly thinner until it reaches the length of 11 inches, which is the average.

   • 1988, E. Magnien, Biotechnology Action Programme, page 601:

     One variety of garden beet, crapaudine ( GBC ) from the compagny Semaphor carries the same Hind III ctDNA profile as the male sterile Owen.

   • 2013, Deborah Madison, Vegetable Literacy, page 225:

     Crapaudine was already considered old when Vilmorin wrote about it in the late 1300s.

   • 2015, Aileen Bordman, Derek Fell, Monet's Palate Cookbook: The Artist & His Kitchen at Giverny:

     Today the French grow both a flattened type called Egyptian and the rounded crapaudine varieties.

8. (rare) The socket in which the pivot of a door turns.
   • 1965, Iran - Volumes 3-6, page 64:

     A stone door socket (Crapaudine C), associated with a small patch of brick pavement and a large slab of stone forming the threshold of a doorway, was uncovered at a depth of 1.25 m . below surface.

   • 1973, Encyclopaedia Britannica - Volume 7, page 589:

     They were mounted as crapaudine doors; i.e., supflat moldings, studded with rosettes, surmounted by a cyma ported by pivots fitted into sockets in threshold and lintel.

   • 2001, Bulletin: - Issue 36, page 130:

     The main gate door at Lehun had a single threshold stone with the door pivot hole (crapaudine) bored into it.

   • 2006, Frank Dikötter, Exotic Commodities: Modern Objects and Everyday Life in China, page 309:

     on the use of pivots on top and bottom to make a door swing in crapaudine style, see Rudolf P. Hommel, China at work, New York: John Day, 1937, pp. 35 and 293.

使用する際の注意点

• Sometimes used to describe a swing-door that pivots on a crapaudine.

参考

• crapaud