「在国司」に関連した英語例文の一覧と使い方 - Weblio英語例文検索

この雑色人が在地支配層と連携し、国司・受領層と対抗したことが国司苛政上訴として現れたとする見解も出されている。例文帳に追加

In other opinions, Kokushi kasei joso appeared as the evidence that these Zoshikinin worked with local influential persons to counter the Kokushi and Zuryo class.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

尾張国の国司としての在任中は学校院を設立し、地域の教育の向上に努めた。例文帳に追加

He, as Kokushi (an officer in charge of regional administration) of Owari Province, established Gakkoin (training institution for officers) to improve the regional education.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

遙任国司は、自分の家人などを代理人として現地へ派遣し、在庁官人の監督に当たらせた。例文帳に追加

Yonin kokushis sent their retainers to their places of assignment as an agent to supervise the zaichokanjins.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

遙任国司は、自分の家人などを代理人として現地へ派遣し、在庁官人の監督に当たらせた。例文帳に追加

A yonin provincial governor sent his retainer to the place as a deputy and let him supervise the zaichokanjin.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

10世紀後期から両者間の対立が国司苛政上訴という形で顕在化するようになる。例文帳に追加

From the late 10th century, such contradictions became obvious in the form of Kokushi kasei joso (appeals or armed struggles against kokushi).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

但し、秋田城は放棄されず、軍事機能を強化して国司が駐在して指揮した。例文帳に追加

But Akita-jo Castle was not abandoned; with its military functions being reinforced, a provincial governor resided and took the initiative.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

国司や守護も歴任し、現在では戦国大名とも評されている。例文帳に追加

It held the posts of Kokushi (provincial governor) and Shugo (provincial military governor), and is now recognized as a daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku period.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

国司制度は、基本の形式は平安時代になっても律令法と変りはなかったが、国司の職が封禄と化し、任地におもむかない遥任の国司が増加するにつれて、諸国の行政は留守所あるいは在庁官人が行うようになった。例文帳に追加

The basic format of the kokushi (provincial governors) system was not different from that of ritsuryo law even during the Heian period, but when the position of kokushi turned into a salaried one, and yonin, who are kokushi who would not go to their place of appointment, increased, provincial administration was performed by rusudokoro (the center for all local government administration in a province) or zaichokanjin (local district officials).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

土着国司やその子孫は中央では身分が比較的低い軍事貴族として摂関家などに仕え、また旧郡司層は健児として地方軍事力を支えてきた存在であり、ともに国司へ軍事力を提供する主体であった。例文帳に追加

Local kokushis and their offspring served sekkan-ke (five top court noble families of FUJIWARA family's offspring) as comparatively low-ranking military aristocrats, old gunshi class supported the local military forces as kondei (local military army), and both provided kokushis with the military forces.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

一方、国司請負制により権限が強化された国司は公領を自領のように扱いはじめ、田堵を在庁官人に任命し、郷司、保司等として地方行政官とした。例文帳に追加

In the meantime, kokushi who strengthened their rights by the contracting system of kokushi began to deal with Koryo as if it were their own property and appointed Tato as Zaichokanjin (the local officials in Heian and Kamakura periods) who were such as Goji (a local government of official under ritsuryo system) and hoji (an officer governing koryo, or public land) as their local government officials.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

国司の所在する国府から間接支配程度の統制が行われ、郡司は旧国造などの在地有力豪族であることが多い。例文帳に追加

Since the Kokufu where kokushi (provincial governors) resided controled Gunga indirectly, most of Gunji were members of powerful local families such as the old kuninomiyatsuko (provincial governor).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

これに対し、国司の権限を分掌する幹部地方公務員とも言える在庁官人が急速に成長する。例文帳に追加

On the other hand, Zaichokanjin (the local officials in the Heian and Kamakura periods) or executive local government officials, who had the authority of Kokushi, became influential rapidly.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

780年に秋田城強化の方針が打ち出され、国司が秋田城に常在し統治に当たることとなった。例文帳に追加

In 780 a plan for how to strengthen Akita-jo Castle was worked out, under which Dewa's provincial officers would make the castle their permanent home and the seat of provincial government.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

寛徳の荘園整理令　1045年（寛徳2）後冷泉天皇　前任の国司の在任中に立てた荘園だけ停止。例文帳に追加

Kantoku-no Shoen Seiri-rei 1045 Emperor Goreizei Suspended only the manors that were established while the previous kokushi held office.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

田堵には、古来の郡司一族に出自する在地豪族や、土着国司などの退官した律令官人を出自とする者が多かった。例文帳に追加

Many Tato were local powerful clans, who were the descendants of Gunji (local magistrate) during ancient times, or ex-officials such as native provisional governors.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

824年（天長元年）以降、国司（外官）だけでなく内官（在京の官吏）も勘解由使の監査対象となった。例文帳に追加

In 824 and later, naikan (officers living in Kyoto) in addition to kokushi (officers living outside Kyoto) were also audited by kageyushi.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

以上のように見ると、在庁官人は国司の従順なしもべであるようにも思えるが、実態は決してそうではなかった。例文帳に追加

Considering the above, zaichokanjin seem to have been obedient servants of kokushi, but in fact, they were not.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

在庁官人は元々、現地の有力者であり、中央の国司に対する地域の利益代表としての顔も持っていた。例文帳に追加

Zaichokanjin were originally the leaders in the local region and were also the representing the interests of the region against the kokushi sent from the central government.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

特に東国では、有力者層の独自性が強く、在庁官人でありながら国司に逆らったり、武力紛争を起こしたりする者が多かった。例文帳に追加

Especially in the eastern regions, this class of leading men had a distinctive character and even though they were zaichokanjin, they often defied kokushi or caused armed conflicts.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

この見解では、郡司・百姓層が在庁官人として国衙行政に取り込まれていったことにより、国司苛政上訴が消滅したとしている。例文帳に追加

In this opinion, Kokushi kasei joso disappeared because Gunji and farmers became involved in Kokuga government as Zaichokanjin (the local officials in Heian and Kamakura periods).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

次に在庁官人・郡司ら地域の有力者が国司に申請して認められた開発地は別符・別名などの名称で呼ばれたものである。例文帳に追加

The second type was land called beppu/betsumyo, developed by local officials/gunji (local magistrate) and certified by kokushi as Zoyakumen.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

陸奥国の国府は現在の宮城県多賀城市にあり、八世紀前半から国司が派遣されるようになった。例文帳に追加

The kokufu (provincial office) of Mutsu Province was in present Tagajo City, Miyagi Prefecture, and kokushi (provincial governors) began to be sent down in the first half of the eighth century.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

更に国司・目代・在庁官人によって運営されている国衙機構においても国司の館の警固や国分寺・一宮の修繕などを自己の管轄下にあった国衙領に負担を求めるようになり、荘園と同様に検注が行われて在家役として「公事」が課役された。例文帳に追加

Moreover, even in the structure of kokuga managed by kokushi, mokudai (deputy) and Zaichokanjin (the local officials in Heian and Kamakura periods), they began to ask Kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office) under their control to bear the load of guard of kokushi's residence or repair of Kokubun-ji Temple or Ichinomiya, thus a land survey was carried on as in shoen to impose kuji as zaikeyaku.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

このころ、関東では桓武天皇5代の皇胤平将門が親族間の内紛を抑え、近隣諸国の紛争に介入したところ、在地の国司と対立、やがて叛乱を起こして自ら「新皇」（新天皇）と名乗り、朝廷の任命した国司を追放し、関東7ヶ国と伊豆国に自分の国司を任命した。例文帳に追加

Around this time, in the Kanto region, TAIRA no Masakado, who was an Imperial descendant of Emperor Kanmu for five generations, suppressed the internal conflicts between his relatives, and when he intervened in disputes amongst the neighboring provinces, he opposed the local Kokushi (provincial governor), soon caused insurrection and called himself 'Shinno' (new Emperor), banished Kokushi appointed by the Imperial Court, and appointed his Kokushi to 7 provinces in Kanto and Izu region.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

国司は中央政府から検田権を委譲されると、治田（ちでん、田堵の開発した小規模の墾田）や公験（くげん、正式に土地所有を認めた文書）のない荘園・私領（郡司・郷司など在地領主の所領）を次々に没収して国衙領に組み入れ、税収を確保しようとした（この権限が強かったことは、若狭国にあった摂関家の荘園が国司に接収された際に関白藤原頼通が国司に公験不備を指摘されると、国司の判断を妥当とした（『小右記』万寿2年9月1日・13日条）ことでも明らかである）。例文帳に追加

When the right of cadastral surveys was transferred to kokushi from the central government, the shoens and private lands (lands of local lords such as gunji (district managers), goji (a local government official under the ritsuryo system) and so on) without chiden (small scale land already developed by tato) or kugen (official documents authorized by kokushi or gunji (local magistrates) for transfer of the ownership of private property) were confiscated one after another into kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office) in order for them to secure tax revenue (it is clear that this authority was strong because when the shoen of sekkan-ke in Wakasa Province was confiscated by kokushi and it was pointed out that FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, the chief adviser to the emperor, was wrong in kugen, the judgment of kokushi was justified (in the description on September 1 and 13, 1025 in "Shoyuki" (Diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke)).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

この事件は、当時における在庁官人＝開発領主の変貌と、国司＝目代との対立の激しさ、とくに在地領主層の弱体と限界を如実に示している。例文帳に追加

These affairs provide evidence of changes of zaichokanjin to kaihatsu-ryoshu and fierce conflicts between kokushi and mokudai, especially the local lord class's destabilization and limitations.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

例えば、国司の赴任の際に在庁官人らが椀飯を奉って歓迎の饗宴を行う慣例が行われるようになり、在庁官人から武士に椀飯の慣習が広まっていった。例文帳に追加

For example, local officials served oban as a welcome banquet for the newly appointed Kokushi and this custom of oban spread from local officials to the bushi (samurai) class.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

11世紀・12世紀になると、国衙政治の実務は事実上在庁官人が担うようになっており、受領国司は在庁官人の力なしに国内統治を果たすことはできなかった。例文帳に追加

In reality, during the eleventh and twelfth centurys, the Zaichokanjin controlled Kokuga politics and Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) Kokushi could not execute governing duty of the province without Zaichokanjin's political power.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

坂本太郎(歴史学者)は、1979年の『聖徳太子』において、「国司」は推古朝当時に存在したと見てもよく、律令制以前であっても官制的なものはある程度存在したから、『日本書紀』の記述を肯定できるとした。例文帳に追加

Taro SAKAMOTO (a historian) stated in "Prince Shotoku" published in 1979 that since 'Kokushi' might have existed at the time of the reign of Empress Suiko and there had been also some sorts of bureaucratic systems prior to the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), the description in the "Nihonshoki" could be correct.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

同じく赴任した武蔵国司興世王と共に赴任早々に検注を実施すると、在地の豪族である足立郡司で判代官の武蔵武芝が正任国司の赴任以前には検注が行われない慣例になっていたことから検注を拒否した為、経基らは兵を繰り出して武芝の郡家を襲い、略奪を行った。例文帳に追加

As soon as he was sent to there, he conducted kenchu (land survey) together with Prince Okiyo, who was also sent to Musashi Province as Governor, MUSASHI no Takeshiba, who was Gozoku (local ruling family) in the local area as well as Adachi gunji and local governer for judicial decision, refused the survey since he insisted it was custom not to do the survey before the official appointment of senior provincial governer, after this incident, Tsunemoto and others raised an army and attacked Takeshiba's gunke (public office) and plundered everything from there.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

「館の者共」（国司の私的従者＋在庁官人）と異なり、「国の兵共」は、「譜第図」「胡簗注文」などの台帳に記載され、国司主催の狩りや、一宮での流鏑馬など、必要に応じて招集される程度のものであり、自分自身の直接的利害に関わらなければ命を懸けて戦ったりはしない。例文帳に追加

It differed from '館の者共' (private servant of the governor and Zaichokanjin) in the way that '兵共 (soldiers) of the province' were registered in things such as 'Fudaizu' and 'Yanagui chumon' (list of warriors), participated in hunting hosted by the governor, yabusame (horseback archery) at Ichinomiya (shrine with the highest ranking in the area), summoned with need, and did not fight to death if their interests were not directly involved.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

代わって在地社会の民衆を直接把握して支配下に置いたのは、元郡司層や土着国司子弟などから成長し、田堵や負名の資格で大規模な農地経営を行うようになっていった富豪の輩、有力百姓階層であり、彼らを現地赴任国司の筆頭者たる受領が支配するようになっていく。例文帳に追加

People who directly took hold and control of people in the local society instead, were those in the wealthy class and the powerful farmer class who grew from the younger people of class of former Gunji and native Kokushi and so on, and came to conduct a large-scale farmland management in the qualifications of Tato (a field manager) or Fumyo (a local tax manager), and they came to be controlled by Zuryo who was a head of Kokushi transferred to the locale.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

律令制初期の地方行政は朝廷から派遣されていた国司と在地首長としての権威を保持していた郡司との二重構造による統治が行われていた。例文帳に追加

The local administration at the beginning of the ritsuryo system was a two-tiered administration by Kokushi sent by the Imperial Court and by Gunji having authorities as a local chief.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

長徳4年（998年）、維衡は遥任の国司として下野守在任中であったが、伊勢国神郡において同族の平致頼（維衡の又従兄弟）と合戦を繰り広げた。例文帳に追加

In 998, Korehira was in the post of Governor of Shimotsuke Province as Kokushi of Yonin (a provincial governor residing in the capital); however, he fought at Kamikori (the precincts of a Shinto shrine) in Ise Province against TAIRA no Muneyori, who belonged to the same clan as Korehira and was also Korehira's second cousin.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

基通の出自、系譜については全く不明であるが、国司の印や国の正倉の鍵に近づけ、史料に散位と記載されていることから、在庁官人であると見られている。例文帳に追加

Motomichi's family background are still entirely unknown, but it has been thought that he was a local government officer because he had access to the Governor's seal and the key of the provincial shoso, and some historical materials say he was a sani.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

この期間、雄足は史生として越前国に出向き、東大寺の荘園を経営する専当国司として、桑原荘（現在の福井県旧坂井郡金津町、現あわら市）の荘園管理に携わっていた。例文帳に追加

During this period, Otari went to Echizen Province as Shisho (people who peformed miscellaneous duties about documents) and was involved in management of Shoen (private estate) "Kuwabara no sho" (former Kanazu Cho, Sakai Gun, in current Fukui Province and current Arawa City in Fukui Prefecture) as sento Kokushi (a person (provincial governor) who does practical business in the management of Shoen estates) who managed Shoen in Todai-ji Temple.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

郡司は笞罪のみを決し、在京諸司は笞罪・杖罪を決し、国司は杖罪、徒罪、刑部省は徒罪、太政官は流罪、天皇は死罪を決するという規定であった。例文帳に追加

According to the rules, the gunji would decide only on whipping, the shoshi, in Kyoto, would decide on whipping and flogging, the kokushi on flogging and imprisonment, the gyobusho on imprisonment, the daijokan on banishment, and the Emperor on capital crime.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

増え続ける荘園に対抗して、国司は大名田堵を在庁官人に任命し、自らの手元に置き、さらには惣司・郷司・保司として、地方行政官とした。例文帳に追加

In competition with the ever-increasing shoen, the Kokushi assigned Daimyo tato (daimyo cultivators) to Zaicho kanjin (resident public officials) and deployed them on hand; moreover, they had Soji, Goji, and Hoji (all of which were local government officials under the ritsuryo system) appointed as local government officials.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

つまり、その内関東進止領・関東御口入地には鎌倉幕府とは異なる荘園領主・国司が存在し、しかも彼らは荘官や郷司・保司の任命権は持たないのである。例文帳に追加

In other words, the Kanto shinshiryo (manors and provincial lands where the shogun of the Kamakura bakufu has the right to appoint/dismiss Jito) and Kanto gokunyuchi (manors and provincial lands where the shogun of the Kamakura bakufu has the right to recommend Jito) had Shoen-ryoshu and Kokushi who were different from those of the Kamakura bakufu and had no patronage of Shokan, Goji, or Hoji.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

開発領主たちは、国司の寄人として在庁官人となって、地方行政へ進出するとともに、本所から下司・公文などといった荘官に任じられ、所領に関する権利の確保に努めた。例文帳に追加

Kaihatsu-ryoshus became zaichokanjin (the local officials in Heian and Kamakura periods) as yoriudo of kokushi and advanced to the local administration and were appointed to shokan (an officer governing shoen (manor)) such as geshi (a local official to manage a shoen estate), kumon (a local shoen official below the geshi in rank) and so on by honjo and tried to secure the rights on shoryo (territory).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

加地子（かじし）は、日本の中世において、荘園領主・国衙（国司）へ納入する年貢・地子の他に、名主などの在地領主に対して納入した米（作得米）を指す租税の一形態。例文帳に追加

The term Kajishi (加地子) means rice (sakutokumai) delivered as a tax to a resident land-owner like myoshu (owner of rice fields) in the Japanese medieval period on top of nengu (customs)/jishi (land tax) for the lord of shoen (manor)/kokuga (provincial government officials) (kokushi (provincial governor)).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

守護は、それまで国司が管轄していた国衙行政・国衙領支配にも侵出していき、国衙の在庁官人を被官（家臣）とした（これを被官化という）。例文帳に追加

Shugo started to expand their influence on the kokuga government as well as control over the kokuga's territories, compelling zaichokanjin (the local officials in Heian and Kamakura periods) to obey as the hikan (low-level bureaucrat, namely vassal), which was called "Hikanization."  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

律令制が本格的に施行された8世紀のうちから、官吏、特に国司交替の手続きに関する法令（詔勅・太政官符）を集成した私撰の「交替式」と呼ばれる書物が存在していた。例文帳に追加

As early as the eight century when the Ritsuryo system was enforced on a large scale, a privately compiled book called 'Kotaishiki' existed, in which the laws and regulations concerning the procedures for replacing government officers, in particular, kokushi (provincial governors) (Shochoku - imperial edicts) and Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State) were collected.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

本来、国司の最高職は国守だったが、遥任により現地に在住しなかった場合は、介・掾・目のうちから受領が出ていたのである。例文帳に追加

Originally, the highest position of kokushi was kokushu, but when kokushu did not live in his assigned province, a person at the rank of suke, jo or sakan (these ranks were in this order, with suke the highest) was appointed to zuryo.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

在庁官人は、前述した「富豪の輩」（田堵・負名層）から登用された者が多く、国衙領の経営・租税徴収を行うことで、国司の租税収取に貢献した。例文帳に追加

Many zaichokanjin were employed from the above-mentioned 'fugo-no-yakara' (tato, leading farmer and fumyo, tax collector), took on the management of the kokuga region and tax collection and contributed to levying taxes by kokushi.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス