英和和英

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈstɜːlɪŋ/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈstɜɹlɪŋ/
• (Scotland) IPA: /ˈstɛɾlɪŋ/
• Homophone: Stirling (fern–fir–fur merger)
• 韻: -ɜː(ɹ)lɪŋ
• ハイフネーション: ster‧ling

語源 1

Possibly from 古期英語 *steorling, from steorra (“star”) and -ling, in reference to the stars that appeared on certain English pennies. Alternatively, the first element may be *stēre, meaning “strong” or “stout” (compare the etymology of solidus).

名詞

sterling (countable and uncountable, plural sterlings)

1. (countable, obsolete except historical) An English silver penny first introduced by the Normans.
   • 1564 February, Erasmus, “The Saiynges of Augustus Caeser”, in Nicolas Udall [i.e., Nicholas Udall], transl., Apophthegmes, that is to Saie, Prompte, Quicke, Wittie and Sentẽcious Saiynges, […], London: […] Ihon Kingston, →OCLC, book II, folio 178, recto, paragraph 38, marginal note:

     Nummus […] is taken for braſſe pens, or els pieces of ſiluer of the valu of a dandiprat or i. d. ob. a pece or there about, ſo that yͤ thouſand peces wer moche about the ſomme of twentie nobles sterlynges [i.e., nobles of sterlings].

   • 1868, Charlotte M[ary] Yonge, “Cameo XXIII. The Rebellious Eaglets.”, in Cameos from English History: From Rollo to Edward II […], London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 103:

     "I do not fear your curses," said Philippe [Philip II of France]. "You have no right to pronounce them on the realm of France. Your words smell of English sterlings."

   • 1911, August Octav Ritter von Loehr, “Numismatics”, in Charles G[eorge] Herbermann [et al.], editors, The Catholic Encyclopedia […], volume XI, New York, N.Y.: Robert Appleton Company, →OCLC, page 155, column 2:

     In England sterlings and nobles were struck, both of them often counterfeited.

2. (by extension)
   1. (countable) A penny issued in other countries, such as Scotland.
   2. (uncountable) The currency of the United Kingdom, based on the pound sterling; hence, genuine English or British currency, as contrasted with foreign currency.
      • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (Second Quarto), London: […] I[ames] R[oberts] for N[icholas] L[ing] […], published 1604, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii], signature [C4], verso:

        Ophe[lia]. He hath my Lord of late made many tenders / Of his affection to me. / […] / Pol[onius]. Marry I vvill teach you, thinke your ſelfe a babie / That you haue tane [taken] theſe tenders for true pay / VVhich are not ſterling, tender your ſelfe more dearely […]

        A figurative use.

      • 1601 (first performance), Thomas Dekker, Satiro-mastix. Or The Untrussing of the Humorous Poet. […], London: […] [Edward Allde] for Edward White, […], published 1602, →OCLC, signature D2, recto:

        [D]rop the ten ſhillings into this Baſon; […] So, iſt right Iacke? iſt ſterling?

      • 1699, [Samuel Garth], “Canto II”, in The Dispensary; a Poem, London: […] John Nutt […], →OCLC, page 18:

        By uſeful Obſervations he can tell / The ſacred Charms that in true Sterling dvvell.

      • 1724 March, M. B. [pseudonym; Jonathan Swift], A Letter to the Shop-keepers, Tradesmen, Farmers, and Common-people of Ireland, Concerning the Brass Half-pence Coined by Mr. Woods, with a Design to have Them Pass in this Kingdom. […], Dublin: […] J[ohn] Harding […], →OCLC, page 9:

        [T]he Tenants are obliged by their Leaſes to pay Sterling vvhich is Lavvful Current Money of England, […]

      • 1904–1905, Baroness Orczy [i.e., Emma Orczy], “Who Stole the Black Diamonds?”, in The Case of Miss Elliott, London: T[homas] Fisher Unwin, published 1905, →OCLC, section 1; republished as popular edition, London: Greening & Co., 1909, OCLC 11192831, quoted in The Case of Miss Elliott (ebook no. 2000141h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg of Australia, February 2020:

        [A]mong the objects stolen was the famous parure of Black Diamonds, for which a bid of half a million sterling had just been made and accepted.

   3. (uncountable) Short for sterling silver (“an alloy containing not less than 92.5 percent silver, the remainder usually being copper; articles made from this alloy collectively”).
      • 1977, Ed McBain [pseudonym; Evan Hunter], chapter 4, in Long Time No See […], new edition, London: Coronet Books, published 1994, →ISBN, page 59:

        Many of the women cleaned house for other women, soaping fine china and polishing heavy sterling, […]

   4. (uncountable, historical) Former British gold or silver coinage of a standard fineness (0.91666 for gold and 0.925 for silver).
      • 1745, Stephen Martin Leake, “John, A.D. 1199”, in An Historical Account of English Money, from the Conquest, to the Present Time; […], 2nd edition, London: […] W. Meadows, […], →OCLC, page 62:

        […] Sterling vvas the knovvn and approved Standard in England, in all Probability, from the Beginning of King Henry the Second's Reign. But King John vvas undoubtedly the firſt vvho introduced Sterling Money in Ireland.

   5. (obsolete)
      1. (countable) Synonym of pennyweight (“a unit of mass equal to 24 grains, or ⁄₂₀ of a troy ounce”)
         • 1611, Randle Cotgrave, compiler, “Carat”, in A Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, signature O ij, verso, column 1:

           [E]ight of them [carats] make but one Sterlin, and a Sterlin is the 24 part of an ounce.

      2. (uncountable) Money generally.
      3. (uncountable) The standard degree of fineness.
         • 1724 August 15 (Gregorian calendar), M. B. [pseudonym; Jonathan Swift], A Letter to Mr. Harding the Printer, upon the Occasion of a Paragraph in his News-paper of Aug. 1st. Relating to Mr. Wood’s Half-pence. […], Dublin: […] J[ohn] Harding […], →OCLC, page 6:

           [T]he Lavv hath not left it in the Povver of the Prerogative to compel the Subject to take any Money, beſide Gold and Silver of the Right Sterling and Standard.

派生語

形容詞

sterling (not generally comparable, comparative more sterling, superlative most sterling)

1. (not comparable)
   1. Of or relating to the currency of the United Kingdom, or former types of English or British coinage.
      • 1611, Iohn Speed [i.e., John Speed], “Henrie the Second, Duke of Normandy, Guyen and Aquitaine, […]”, in The History of Great Britaine under the Conquests of yͤ Romans, Saxons, Danes and Normans. […], London: […] William Hall and John Beale, for John Sudbury and George Humble, […], →OCLC, book IX ([Englands Monarchs] […]), paragraph 80, page 467, column 1:

        […] King William [the Lion] vvas to pay 100000. l. [pound] Striueling for his ranſome, the one half in preſent coin, the other 50000 l. vpon time.

      • 1673, William Temple, “Of Their Government”, in Observations upon the United Provinces of the Netherlands, London: […] A[nne] Maxwell for Sa[muel] Gellibrand […], →OCLC, page 108:

        The Salaries of all the great Officers of this State, are very ſmall: I have already mentioned that of a Burgomaſter's of Amſterdam to be about fifty pounds ſterling a year: […]

      • 1816, [Walter Scott], chapter VII, in The Antiquary. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, pages 147–148:

        Sir Arthur only stipulated, that a little ragged boy, for the guerdon of one penny sterling, should run to meet his coachman, and turn his equipage back to Knockwinnock.

      • 1856, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Religion”, in English Traits, Boston, Mass.: Phillips, Sampson, and Company, →OCLC, page 225:

        The doctrine of the Old Testament is the religion of England. […] It believes in a Providence which does not treat with levity a pound sterling.

      • 1937, Aldous Huxley, “The Planned Society”, in Ends and Means: An Inquiry into the Nature of Ideals and into the Methods Employed for Their Realization, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 41:

        In the first place, schemes of partial international co-ordination can be arranged between such governments as can agree upon them. This has already been done in the case of the Sterling Bloc, which is composed of countries whose rulers have decided that it is worth while to co-ordinate their separate national plans so that they shall not interfere with each other.

   2. Of silver: being of standard quality.
   3. Of a thing: of or relating to, or made from, sterling silver.
      • 1776 March 9, Adam Smith, “Of Wages and Profit in the Different Employments of Labour and Stock”, in An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. […], volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, book I (Of the Causes of Improvement in the Productive Powers of Labour, […]), II (Inequalities Occasioned by the Policy of Europe), page 151:

        The ſterling mark upon plate, and the ſtamps upon linen and vvoollen cloth, give the purchaſer much greater ſecurity than any ſtatute of apprenticeſhip.

      • 1785, William Cowper, “Book VI. The Winter Walk at Noon.”, in The Task, a Poem, […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson;  […], →OCLC, pages 281–282:

        [W]hat is baſe / No poliſh can make ſterling, […]

   4. (archaic) Of English (or (obsolete) Scottish) currency: genuine, of legal tender.
      • c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Second Part of Henrie the Fourth, […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], signature C2, verso:

        Pray thee peace, pay her the debt you ovve her, and vnpay the villany you haue done vvith her, the one you may doe vvith ſterling mony, and the other vvith currant repentance.

      • 1816, [Walter Scott], chapter I, in The Antiquary. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 14:

        [I]s this base annunciation a mere swindle on the incautious, to beguile them of their time, their patience, and three shillings of sterling money of this realm?

      • 1837, Thomas Carlyle, “The Notables”, in The French Revolution: A History […], volume I (The Bastille), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, book III (The Parliament of Paris), page 71:

        Sumptuosity and sordidness; revenge, life-weariness, ambition, darkness, putrescence; and, say, in sterling money, three hundred thousand a year,—were this poor Prince once to burst loose from his Court-moorings, to what regions, with what phenomena, might he not sail and drift!

2. (comparable, figurative)
   1. Of acknowledged influence; authoritative; also, of high or excellent quality; of proven worth.
      • 1655, James Howell, “XLIV. To Sir L. D. in Paris.”, in Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ. Familiar Letters Domestic and Forren. […], 3rd edition, volume IV, London: […] Humphrey Mos[e]ley, […], →OCLC, section VI, page 496:

        […] I knovv your Opinion is current and ſterling: […]

      • 1755, [Edward Young], “Letter V. Life’s Review.”, in The Centaur Not Fabulous. […], London: […] A[ndrew] Millar […]; [a]nd R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley […], →OCLC, page 238:

        This love, ſuppoſing it ſterling, I (ſtultus ego [I am foolish]!) return'd in kind: But I do not repent it.

      • 1781 (date written), William Cowper, “Table Talk”, in Poems, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1782, →OCLC, page 33:

        Then decent pleaſantry and ſterling ſenſe / That never gave nor vvould endure offence, / VVhipp'd out of ſight vvith ſatyr juſt and keen, / The puppy pack that had defil'd the ſcene.

      • 1832, [Washington Irving], “The Household”, in The Alhambra: A Series of Tales and Sketches of the Moors and Spaniards. […], volume I, Philadelphia, Pa.: [Henry Charles] Carey & [Isaac] Lea, →OCLC, pages 75–76:

        The nephew, Manuel Molina, is a young man of sterling worth and Spanish gravity.

      • 1860 January – 1861 April, Anthony Trollope, “Lady Lufton’s Ambassador”, in Framley Parsonage. […] (Collection of British Authors; 551), copyright edition, volume I, Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, published April 1861, →OCLC, page 219:

        I have said that Mr. Crawley was a stern, unpleasant man; and it certainly was so. The man must be made of very sterling stuff, whom continued and undeserved misfortune does not make unpleasant.

      • 1896, A[lfred] E[dward] Housman, “[Poem] LXII”, in A Shropshire Lad, New York, N.Y.: John Lane Company, The Bodley Head, published 1906, →OCLC, stanza 2, page 92:

        Then the world seemed none so bad, / And I myself a sterling lad; / And down in lovely muck I've lain, / Happy till I woke again.

      • 2014 December 13, Mandeep Sanghera, “Burnley 1 – 0 Southampton”, in BBC Sport‎, archived from the original on 11 April 2025:

        Southampton had been hoping to get back to winning ways to prove to their critics there was substance to their sterling start to the season.

      • 2016 January 31, William D[avid] Cohan, quoting Miguel Rodríguez, “Is Huma Abedin Hillary Clinton’s Secret Weapon or Her Next Big Problem?”, in Graydon Carter, editor, Vanity Fair‎, New York, N.Y.: Condé Nast, published February 2016, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 31 January 2016:

        Neither the law nor the facts support Senator [Charles] Grassley's baseless allegations and extrapolated conclusions. It is disappointing that the senator and his staff continue to focus a politically motivated campaign on Ms. [Huma] Abedin, who has been known her entire professional life for hard work, integrity, and her sterling reputation. It is people like Ms. Abedin whom we should all want in public service.

      • 2021 October 6, Greg Morse, “A Need for Speed and the Drive for 125”, in Rail, number 941, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 53:

        HSTs [high-speed trains] continued to provide sterling service during these years, so much so that when Virgin and Midland Mainline brought their new wave of high-speed diesel electric multiple units […] on stream, many preferred the ride and comfort of the vanquished to the ride and comfort of the vanquisher.

   2. (obsolete) Having currency (“general acceptance, recognition, or use”).
      • a. 1569 (date written), Roger Ascham, “[The Second Booke Teachyng the Ready Way to the Latin Tong]”, in Margaret Ascham, editor, The Scholemaster: Or Plaine and Perfite Way of Teaching Children, to Vnderstand, Write, and Speake, the Latin Tong, […], London: […] John Daye, […], published 1570, →OCLC, folio 35, verso:

        This waie of exerciſe was […] made ſterling agayne by M. Quintilian: […]

      • 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 40:

        And if my vvord be Sterling yet in England, / Let it command a Mirror hither ſtraight, / That it may ſhevv me vvhat a Face I haue, / Since it is Bankrupt of his Maieſtie.

派生語

• sterlingly
• sterlingness

語源 2

See starling (etymology 1).

名詞

sterling (plural sterlings)

1. Obsolete form of starling (“a family, Sturnidae, of passerine birds; specifically, the common starling, Sturnus vulgaris, which has dark, iridescent plumage”). [Middle English–18th c.]

語源 3

See starling (etymology 2).

名詞

sterling (plural sterlings)

1. (construction) Obsolete form of starling (“an enclosure like a coffer-dam, formed of piles driven closely together before any structure or work, as a protection against the wash of waves, commonly used to protect the piers of a bridge”). [18th–20th c.]
   • 1923 June – 1927 February (date written), Henry Williamson, Tarka the Otter […], London; New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, published October 1927, →OCLC, first year, page 8:

     Near the bridge the bubbles rose large as oak-apples; he was kicking four webs together, having sighted the fish. The bubbles ended in another swirl by a weed-fringed sterling, and a delicate swift water-arrow shot away between the two piers of the middle arch—the peal, or sea-trout, had gone down, passing three inches off the snapt jaws.

Further reading

• pound sterling on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• sterling silver on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• sterling (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

アナグラム

• Giltners, Tinglers, glistren, ringlets, tinglers, tringles