Reptile.とは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 reptil, from Old French reptile, from Late Latin rēptile, neuter of reptilis (“creeping”), from Latin rēpō (“to creep”), from Proto-Indo-European *rep- (“to creep, slink”) (Pokorny; Watkins, 1969).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɹɛp.taɪl/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɹɛp.tɑj(ə)l/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈɹɛp.taɪl/, /ˈɹɛp.taɪəl/
• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /ˈɹep.tɑel/, /ˈɹep.tɑe.əl/
• (Scotland) IPA: /ˈɾɛp.tʌɪl/
• (Wales) IPA: /ˈɾɛp.taɪl/
• 韻: -aɪl

名詞

reptile (plural reptiles)

1. A (typically scaly and egg-laying) cold-blooded vertebrate tetrapod animal, of the class Reptilia (excluding birds), such as a lizard, turtle, snake, crocodile, alligator, etc. [from 19th c.]
2. (zoology) Any member of the class Reptilia, including birds.
3. (dated) Any creeping or crawling animal, one that moves along close to the ground on its belly or on short legs, such as a lizard, snake, salamander, frog, toad, or scorpion. [from 14th c.]
4. (dated) An animal belonging to either the class Reptilia or the class Amphibia. [from 18th c.]

   Synonyms: herptile, herp

5. (dated, proscribed) An ectothermic, scaly animal, whether sauropsid or synapsid, of the clade Amniota.

   Prior to the 1990s, the non-mammalian synapsids were considered true reptiles.

   mammal-like reptile

6. (figuratively, dated) An abject, grovelling, loathsome or repulsive person. [from 18th c.]
   • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

     This work may, indeed, be considered as a great creation of our own; and for a little reptile of a critic to presume to find fault with any of its parts, without knowing the manner in which the whole is connected, and before he comes to the final catastrophe, is a most presumptuous absurdity.

   • 1836 March – 1837 October, Charles Dickens, “(please specify the chapter name)”, in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1837, →OCLC:

     "That reptile," whispered Pott, catching Mr. Pickwick by the arm, and pointing towards the stranger. "That reptile — Slurk, of the Independent!"

   • 1847 December, Ellis Bell [pseudonym; Emily Brontë], chapter XXVII, in Wuthering Heights: […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Thomas Cautley Newby, […], →OCLC:

     […] If I pitied you for crying and looking so very frightened, you should spurn such pity. Ellen, tell him how disgraceful this conduct is. Rise, and don’t degrade yourself into an abject reptile—don’t!

使用する際の注意点

• From the 1300s into the 17- or 1800s, reptile was used for any creeping or crawling animal (not just ones that would later be categorized as Reptilia or Amphibia, like snakes, salamanders and frogs, but also sometimes even e.g. scorpions).
• In common parlance today, reptiles are a somewhat fuzzily defined group of cold-blooded, vertebrate tetrapod (but not necessarily four-legged) animals which are typically scaly and belong to species that lay eggs, a group that includes lizards, turtles, snakes, crocodiles and alligators (and excludes birds).
• Taxonomists have put forward several (conflicting) taxonomic definitions of reptile(s): In classical evolutionary taxonomy, reptiles were gathered together under the class Reptilia that broadly corresponded to what the term reptile encompasses in common parlance. Modern cladistic taxonomy regards that group as paraphyletic, since genetic and paleontological evidence shows that birds are a surviving group of Dinosauria and thus nested among reptiles from a phylogenetic perspective. Some cladistic systems therefore redefine Reptilia as a clade (monophyletic group) that includes birds, though the precise definition of this clade varies between authors. A similar concept is the clade Sauropsida, which refers to all amniotes more closely related to modern reptiles than to mammals. Most reptiles are oviparous, laying shelled eggs, though some species of lizards are ovoviviparous or viviparous (e.g. Zootoca vivipara, which sometimes lays eggs but sometimes gives live birth), as were some extinct marine reptiles.

上位語

• (vertebrate of class Reptilia): amniote, sauropsid

下位語

• See also Thesaurus:reptile

派生語

関連する語

形容詞

reptile (not comparable)

1. Creeping; moving on the belly, or by means of small and short legs.
2. Grovelling; low; vulgar.

   a reptile race or crew    reptile vices

   • 1795–1797, Edmund Burke, “(please specify |letter=1 to 4)”, in [Letters on a Regicide Peace], London: [Rivington]:

     There is also a false, reptile prudence, the result not of caution, but of fear.

   • 1800, S[amuel] T[aylor] Coleridge, “Christabel. Part II.”, in Christabel: Kubla Khan, a Vision: The Pains of Sleep, London: […] John Murray, […], by William Bulmer and Co. […], published 1816, →OCLC, page 34:

     My herald shall appoint a week, / And let the recreant traitors seek / My tournay court—that there and then / I may dislodge their reptile souls / From the bodies and forms of men!

同意語

• (creeping, crawling): reptilious, creeping, crawling; reptitious (obsolete)
• (contemptible): See Thesaurus:despicable

参考

• herpetology
• Category:en:Reptiles for a list of reptiles in English
• reptile on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

参照

アナグラム

• Peltier, peitrel, perlite, triple-E

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈreːp.tɪ.ɫɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈrɛp.ti.le]

名詞

rēptile n (genitive rēptilis); third declension

1. (Late Latin) a reptile

語形変化

Third-declension noun (neuter, pure i-stem).

派生した語

• → English: reptile
• → French: reptile
• → German: Reptil
• → Norwegian Bokmål: reptil
• → Spanish: reptil
• → Swedish: reptil

参照

• “rēptilis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• rēptilis in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung
• “rēptilis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K. Ashdowne, editors (1975–2013), “rēptilis”, in Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources‎, London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, →ISBN, →OCLC