wildcatとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• wild-cat, wild cat

語源

From Middle English wyld cat, wylde cat (in the 複数形 as wild cattes, wylde catis, wyle cattes), equivalent to wild +‎ cat. Cognate with Middle Low German wiltkatte, German Wildkatze, Swedish vildkatt.

Its adjectival senses were originally American and derived from the "wildcat banks" of Michigan, following its elevation to statehood in 1837. Two laws—one easing the requirements for establishing a new bank and another occasioned by the Panic of 1837 that removed the need for payment in specie—led to the creation and collapse of around 50 banks within two years.^[1][2] The term is apocryphally derived from a wildcat supposedly featured on the currency printed by one of these banks,^[3] but more probably derived from the remote locations "where the wildcats roamed" chosen by these banks to avoid oversight and minimize redemption of notes.^[4]

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈwaɪldˌkæt/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈwaɪ.əldˌkæt/, [ˈwaɪ.əlʔˌkæt]
• ハイフネーション: wild‧cat

名詞

wildcat (複数形 wildcats)

1. A cat that lives in the wilderness, specifically
   1. (UK) Felis silvestris, a common small Old World wild cat somewhat larger than a house cat.
   2. (US) A bobcat (Lynx rufus) or other similar New World species of lynx.
   3. Any feral cat.
   4. (uncommon) Alternative spelling of wild cat, any undomesticated felid, as tigers or lions.
      • 2003 April 24, CNN

        Upon checking it out, we found a total of 13 newborn wildcats: nine newborn tigers and two newborn leopards.

2. (figuratively) A person who acts like a wildcat, (usually) a violent and easily-angered person or a sexually vigorous one.
   • 2002 September 26, The Young and the Restless

     Anyone who's man enough to have landed a wildcat like you had to be quite a guy.

3. (米国用法 football) An offensive formation with an unbalanced line and a snap directly to the running back rather than the quarterback.
4. (nautical) A wheel that can be adjusted so as to revolve either with or on the shaft of a capstan.
5. (firearms) Clipping of wildcat cartridge.
6. (uncommon) Clipping of wildcat strike, a strike undertaken without authorization from the relevant trade union.
7. (obsolete) Clipping of wildcat money, notes issued by a wildcat bank.

同意語

• (Eurasian wildcats): desert cat
• (米国用法 wildcats): See bobcat
• (wild house cats): See feral cat

上位語

• (felines): See cat, lynx, and wild cat

下位語

• (Eurasian wildcats, proper subspecies): European wildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris), African wildcat (F. s. lybica), Asiatic wildcat (F. s. ornata), Southern African wildcat (F. s. cafra), Chinese mountain cat (F. s. bieti)
• (Eurasian wildcats, informal types): Abyssinian wildcat, Arabian wildcat, Balearic wildcat, bay wildcats, bush wildcats, Caucasian wildcat, Corsica wildcat, Cretan wildcat, East African wildcat, forest wildcats, Hausa wildcat, Iraqi wildcat, Kalahari wildcat, Mid-belt wildcat, Mongolian wildcat, Rhodesian wildcat, Scottish wildcat, steppe wildcats, Syrian wildcat, Tristram's wildcat, Turkestan wildcat, Ugandan wildcat

派生語

形容詞

wildcat (not comparable)

1. (usually derogatory) Of or concerning businesses operating outside standard or legitimate practice, especially:
   • 1946, Sigurd Jay Simonsen, The Mongrels:

     Then the development of the home country was neglected for some wildcat idea of bringing up the backward people of other lands.

   • 1966, Thomas Pynchon, The Crying of Lot 49, New York: Bantam Books, published 1976, →ISBN, page 44:

     […] the Tank being a small arena theatre located out between a traffic analysis firm and a wildcat transistor outfit that hadn't been there last year and wouldn't be this coming but meanwhile was underselling even the Japanese and hauling in loot by the steamshovelful.

   1. (derogatory, dated) Of or concerning irresponsible banks or banking, (particularly) small, independent operations.
   2. (oil industry) Of or concerning oil exploration in new areas, (particularly) small, independent operations.
   3. Of or concerning actions undertaken by workers without approval or in defiance of the formal leadership of their trade unions.
2. (firearms) Of or concerning customized or hand-made cartridges.
3. Unauthorized by the proper authorities.
   • 2003 June 15, CNN

     Jewish settlers have also been active putting up five new wildcat outposts on hilltops in the West Bank to try to thwart their Prime Minister Ariel Sharon.

派生語

• wildcat bank, wildcat banking, wildcat note, wildcat money, wildcat currency
• wildcat strike

動詞

wildcat (三人称単数 現在形 wildcats, 現在分詞 wildcatting, 過去形および過去分詞形 wildcatted)

1. (oil industry) To drill for oil in an area where no oil has been found before.

   You'd have to be very rich or very desperate to go wildcatting that far east.

   • 2018 August 30, Bethany McLean, “How America's ‘most reckless’ billionaire created the fracking boom”, in The Guardian‎^[1]:

     His pitch was that fracking had transformed the production of gas from a hit-or-miss proposition to one that operated with an on and off switch. It was manufacturing, not wildcatting.

派生語

• wildcatter
• wilkies

参考

• Wildcat formation on Wikipedia.
• (Eurasian wildcat): Martelli's wildcat (F. lunensis), sand cat, jungle cat, black-footed cat
• (米国用法 wildcat): See bobcat and lynx

参照

アナグラム

• clitwad

語源

From Middle English wyld cat, wylde cat (in the 複数形 as wild cattes, wylde catis, wyle cattes), equivalent to wild +‎ cat.

名詞

wild cat (複数形 wild cats)

1. An undomesticated felid, as tigers or lions.
2. A feral cat.
3. (まれに) Alternative spelling of wildcat, (UK) the Old World wildcats (Felis silvestris) or (US) the bobcat (Lynx rufus) and other New World lynxes.
4. (まれに) Alternative spelling of wildcat in its other extended senses.

同意語

• big cat, great cat

反意語

• domestic cat, domesticated cat, house cat

下位語

• panthers: tiger, lion, jaguar, leopard, snow leopard
• clouded leopards: Formosan clouded leopard
• cheetahs: South African cheetah, Namibian cheetah, Tanzanian cheetah, East African cheetah, Sudan cheetah, Central African cheetah, Northeast African cheetah, Northwest African cheetah, Saharan cheetah, Asiatic cheetah, Iranian cheetah, Indian cheetah
• pumas: cougar, mountain lion, catamount, black panther, Florida panther, Argentine cougar, Costa Rican cougar, Eastern South American cougar, North American cougar, Northern South American cougar, Southern South American cougar
• (hybrids) liger, tion, lipard, leopon