英和和英

別の表記

• tuff (eye dialect)

語源

From 中期英語 tough, towgh, tou, toȝ, from 古期英語 tōh (“tough, tenacious, holding fast together; pliant; sticky, glutinous, clammy”), from Proto-West Germanic *tą̄h(ī), from Proto-Germanic *tanhuz (“fitting; clinging; tenacious; tough”), from *tinganą (“to press upon, throng”), from Proto-Indo-European *denḱ- (“to bite”).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /tʌf/
• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /tɐf/
• (Northern England) IPA: /tʊf/
• 韻: -ʌf
• Homophone: tuff

形容詞

tough (comparative tougher, superlative toughest)

1. Of a material, strong and resilient; sturdy.

   Synonyms: robust, stout; see also Thesaurus:hard

   The tent, made of tough canvas, held up to many abuses.

2. Of food, difficult to cut or chew.

   Synonym: unchewable

   To soften a tough cut of meat, the recipe suggested simmering it for hours.

3. (figurative) Of a person or animal, rugged or physically hardy.

   Synonyms: hardy, robust, vigorous

   Only a tough species will survive in the desert.

   • 2010, Brian Lovett, Hunting Tough Turkeys, Stackpole Books, page 3:

     But before you quit turkey hunting and take up model-train collecting, let me give you the good news: you can score on tough turkeys. In fact, you can kill the toughest turkey in the woods.

4. (figurative) Of a person, stubborn or persistent; capable of stubbornness or persistence.

   Synonyms: hardheaded, tenacious; see also Thesaurus:obstinate

   He had a reputation as a tough negotiator.

5. (informal, meteorology) Of weather, harsh or severe.

   Synonym: inclement

6. (figurative) Rowdy or rough.

   Synonyms: disorderly, unruly

   A bunch of the tough boys from the wrong side of the tracks threatened him.

7. (informal, figurative) Of a question, difficult or demanding.

   Synonyms: challenging, hard; see also Thesaurus:difficult

   This is a tough crowd.

   • 1998, Lois Liederman Davitz, Joel Robert Davitz, 20 Tough Questions Teenagers Ask and 20 Tough Answers, Paulist Press, pages 6-7,

     But let's get back to the tough question about sex before marriage. And this is a tough question. In fact we would rank the question you've both raised as pretty high on our list of tough questions.

   • 2012, BioWare, Mass Effect 3 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Earth:

     Anderson: We fought hard to get here. But now the toughest part of our mission begins.
     Anderson: We've got to drive right through the heart of Reaper-controlled territory, break past their defenses, and get to that beacon.

   • 2010, Rushworth M. Kidder, Good Kids, Tough Choices, Wiley (Jossey-Bass), page 96,

     What Lara faced, in fact, falls right into the pool of light beneath our second lens: making tough choices.

8. (material science) Undergoing plastic deformation before breaking.
9. (informal, figurative) Strict, not lenient.

   Synonyms: harsh, strict; see also Thesaurus:stern

   tough on crime

   • 2024 January 27, Priscilla Alvarez, “Biden seizes on tougher border measures as he tries to fend off Trump attacks”, in CNN‎:

     President Joe Biden is embracing tougher border measures, including shutting down the US-Mexico border, marking a stark shift from his early days in office as he tries to fend off former President Donald Trump’s attacks on immigration policy ahead of the election.

派生語

派生した語

• → German: taff
• → Swedish: tuff

間投詞

tough

1. (slang) Used to indicate lack of sympathy

   If you don't like it, tough!

   • 1986, Bernard Brannner, quoting Blackberri, “Blackberri: Singing for Our Lives”, in Joseph Beam, editor, In The Life: A Black Gay Anthology, page 176:

     No one ever came to me and told me they didn't like the song, but people had mentioned stuff to other members of the band, who, surprisingly enough, stuck up for me. They were straight but they said, you know, tough. He's our singer, and we like his music.

名詞

tough (plural toughs)

1. A person who obtains things by force; a thug or bully.

   They were doing fine until they encountered a bunch of toughs from the opposition.

   • 1958 February, David Gunston, “Railways on the Screen”, in Railway Magazine, page 87:

     One of his best stories was "Barney Oldfield's Race for a Life" (1914), of which there survives only an amusing still, showing poor Mabel Normand chained to the rails by two toughs, the moustached villain threatening her with a sledge-hammer, and an awful sense of that inexorably approaching express!

   • 2018, Sandeep Jauhar, Heart: a History, →ISBN, page 54:

     He was in his early fifties, extensively tattooed, just the sort of tough I wouldn't want to meet alone in a parking lot at night, but right then he was whimpering.

動詞

tough (third-person singular simple present toughs, present participle toughing, simple past and past participle toughed)

1. To endure.
   • 2009, Paul Walsh, You and I and Others, →ISBN, pages 64 - 65:

     We shall reminisce on how we toughed it through the winters as they reached the firm, long arm around to give the cold embrace, with ardor seldom loosed till warm winds Marched or Apriled in to soften winter's knuckles -- send rivulets of courage down to dandelions and tulips.

   • 2011, Henry David Thoreau, Damion Searls, The Journal of Henry David Thoreau, 1837-1861, →ISBN, page 254:

     “No,” said Minott, “I've toughed it through the winter, and i want to stay and hear the bluebirds once more.

   • 2012, Jerry Hopkins -, Extreme Cuisine: The Weird and Wonderful Foods That People Eat, →ISBN:

     Universal Plant Edibility Test The following sounds like a lot of work—it is!—but that's because it comes from the US Army Survival Manual as republished in 1994 as "a civilian's best guide for toughing it, anyplace in the world...a must for campers, hikers, explorers, pilots, and others whose vocation or avocations require familiarity with the wilderness or out-of-doors..."

2. To toughen.

派生語

• tough out,tough it out

アナグラム

• ought