_Variationの英語

語源

From Middle French variation, from Old French variacion, from Latin variātiō, from vary +‎ -ation.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌvɛəɹɪˈeɪʃn̩/
• (General American) IPA: /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/, /ˌvæɹiˈeɪʃn̩/, /ˌvɛɹiˈeɪʃn̩/
• ハイフネーション: va‧ri‧a‧tion

名詞

variation (usually uncountable, plural variations)

1. The act of varying; a partial change in the form, position, state, or qualities of a thing.
   • 2013 May-June, David Van Tassel, Lee DeHaan, “Wild Plants to the Rescue”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:

     Plant breeding is always a numbers game. […] The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation, and individual plants are highly heterozygous and do not breed true. In addition, we are looking for rare alleles, so the more plants we try, the better.

2. A related but distinct thing.

   When the process didn't work, we tried a variation.

   All of his soups are variations on a single recipe.

   • 2020 May 10, “Cultivation Experience of a Young Practitioner Born in the 90s”, in Minghui‎:

     Selfishness has different variations, but in the end it is all the same.

3. (nautical) The angular difference at the vessel between the direction of true north and magnetic north.

   Synonym: magnetic declination

4. (board games) A line of play that differs from the original.
5. (music) A technique where material is repeated with alterations to the melody, harmony, rhythm, timbre, texture, counterpoint or orchestration; but with some invariant characteristic, e.g. a ground bass.

   Coordinate term: theme

6. (genetics) The modification of a hereditary trait.
7. (astronomy) Deviation from the mean orbit of a heavenly body.
8. (linguistics) The situation where two or more linguistic forms appear in the same environment without a change in meaning, the choice of form being determined by factors of dialect, sociolect, register or simply the speaker's preference.
9. (mathematics, variational calculus) An infinitesimal perturbation applied to a function, typically denoted ${\displaystyle \delta f}$, used to probe how a functional changes.
10. (mathematics, variational calculus) The corresponding first-order change in a functional induced by such a perturbation, typically denoted ${\displaystyle \delta J[f]}$ and called the first variation.

派生語

関連する語

• vary
• variant

参照

• US FM 55-501 MARINE CREWMAN’S HANDBOOK; 1 December 1999
• “variation”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “variation”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.