英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 seccioun, from Old French section, from Latin sectiō (“cutting, cutting off, excision, amputation of diseased parts of the body, etc.”), from sectus, past participle of secāre (“to cut”). More at saw.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: sĕk′shən, IPA: /ˈsɛkʃən/
• 韻: -ɛkʃən
• ハイフネーション: sec‧tion

名詞

section (plural sections)

1. A cutting; a part cut out from the rest of something.
2. A part, piece, subdivision of anything.
   • 2013 June 28, Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are out of control”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 3, page 21:

     Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic […]. Until 2008 there was denial over what finance had become. […] But the scandals kept coming, and so we entered stage three – what therapists call "bargaining". A broad section of the political class now recognises the need for change but remains unable to see the necessity of a fundamental overhaul. Instead it offers fixes and patches.

   1. (music) A group of instruments in an orchestra.

      The horn section is the group of symphonic musicians who play the French horn.

3. A part of a document, especially a major part; often notated with §.
4. An act or instance of cutting.
5. A cross-section (image that shows an object as if cut along a plane).
   • 1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 59:

     Japan and China also produced Noah's arks, where Noah was known as Fohi. They were of wood and beautifully decorated, the animals being bright in color and usually flat in section and fixed to flat stands.

   1. (aviation) A cross-section perpendicular the longitudinal axis of an aircraft in flight.
   2. (topology) A function that generalizes the notion of the graph of a function; formally, a continuous right inverse to the projection map of a fiber bundle.
   3. (generalizing the topology sense, algebra, category theory) A right inverse of a morphism in some category

      Coordinate term: retraction Synonym: split monomorphism

   4. (generalizing the topology sense in a different way, sheaf theory) An object which is defined by analogy with sections of fiber bundles but in a more general setting (that of sheaves). Formally, an element of the image of an open set under the action of a (pre-)sheaf.

      Hyponym: global section

6. (surgery) An incision or the act of making an incision.
   1. (surgery, colloquial) Ellipsis of Caesarean section.
      • 2021, Dr Philippa Kaye, Doctors Get Cancer Too, Vie Books, page 143:

        They had planned to go into my section scar but the surgeon didnʼt think he could see well enough.

7. (sciences) thin section, a thin slice of material prepared as a specimen for research.
8. (botany) A taxonomic rank below the genus (and subgenus if present), but above the species.
9. (zoology) An informal taxonomic rank below the order ranks and above the family ranks.
10. (military) A group of 10-15 soldiers led by a non-commissioned officer and forming part of a platoon.
11. (New Zealand) A piece of residential land; a plot.
12. (US, Canada, law and land surveying) Synonym of square mile, a unit of land area, especially in the contexts of Canadian surveys and American land grants and legal property descriptions.
13. The symbol §, denoting a section of a document.
14. (geology) A sequence of rock layers.
15. (archaeology) Archeological section; vertical plane and cross-section of the ground to view its profile and stratigraphy; part of an archeological sequence.
16. (technology) Angle section, L-section, angle iron, steel angle, slotted angle.
17. (Philippines, education) A class in a school; a group of students in a regularly scheduled meeting with a teacher in a certain school year or semester or school quarter year.

使用する際の注意点

• (Philippines): This is usually indicated using a dash that is preceded by the grade level and followed by the section's name.

  Grade 1 - Simplicity

同意語

• (botany, zoology): sectio
• (piece created by cutting): cutting, slice
• (any piece): division, part, slice, piece, snippet

反意語

• whole

下位語

等位語

• (square mile when described as a 'section'): acre (1/640 section), quarter-section (¼ section), labor (¼ section in Texan contexts)

等位語

• (aviation): waterline, buttock line

派生語

関連する語

動詞

section (third-person singular simple present sections, present participle sectioning, simple past and past participle sectioned) (transitive)

1. To cut, divide or separate into pieces.
   • 1959 June, “Clacton and Walton Electrification”, in Railway Magazine, page 379:

     Overlap spans and neutral sections have been provided at intervals along the line, which is thus sectioned electrically, not only at the feeder station and track sectioning cabins, but also by switches at certain overlap spans.

2. To reduce to the degree of thinness required for study with the microscope.
3. (UK, Australia, New Zealand) To commit (a person) to a hospital for mental health treatment as an involuntary patient. So called after various sections of legal acts regarding mental health.
   • 1998, Diana Gittins, Madness in its Place: Narratives of Severalls Hospital, 1913-1997, Routledge, →ISBN, page 45:

     Tribunals were set up as watchdogs in cases of compulsory detention (sectioning). […] Informal patients, however, could be sectioned, and this was often a fear of patients once they were in hospital.

   • a. 2000, Lucy Johnstone, Users and Abusers of Psychiatry: A Critical Look at Psychiatric Practice, Second edition, Routledge, published 2000, →ISBN, page xiv:

     The doctor then sectioned her, making her an involuntary patient, and had her moved to a secure ward.

   • 2006, Mairi Colme, A Divine Dance of Madness, Chipmunkapublishing, →ISBN, page 5:

     After explaining that for 7 years, from ’88 to ’95, I was permanently sectioned under the Mental Health act, robbed of my freedom, my integrity, my rights, I wrote at the time;- […]

   Synonym: (Australia) schedule

4. (medicine) To perform a cesarean section on (someone).
   • 2012, Anne Fraser, St. Piran's: Daredevil, Doctor...Dad!, Harlequin, page 16:

     "But if she's gone into active labour she could be bleeding massively and you may have to section her there and then."

   • 2008, Murray et al, Labor and Delivery Nursing: Guide to Evidence-Based Practice, Springer Publishing Company, page 57:

     You may hear a physician say, "I don't want to section her until the baby declares itself."

Further reading

• “section”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “section”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “section”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

• ecotins, noetics, notices