英和和英

発音

• (英国発音, Canada) IPA: /tuː/, [tʰu̟ː], enPR: to͞o
• (米国発音) IPA: /tu/, [tʰu̟], enPR: to͞o
• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /tʉː/, [tʰʉː]
• 異形同音異義語: two, to
• 韻: -uː

副詞

too (not comparable)

1. (focus) Likewise.
   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVI, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     The preposterous altruism too! […] Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation of self—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sized dog.

   • 2013 July 26, Leo Hickman, “How algorithms rule the world”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 7, page 26:

     The use of algorithms in policing is one example of their increasing influence on our lives. And, as their ubiquity spreads, so too does the debate around whether we should allow ourselves to become so reliant on them – and who, if anyone, is policing their use.

2. (conjunctive) Also, in addition marks a statement as equally valid as the preceding one.

   Synonyms: as well, additionally, (obsolete) eke

   There has been a cutback in federal subsidies. Rates have been increasing too.

   He's always willing to help. He, too, is generous with his time.

   It is important to remember, too, that she is generous with his time. Sometimes, too, she does ask for the odd favor.

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

     They burned the old gun that used to stand in the dark corner up in the garret, close to the stuffed fox that always grinned so fiercely. Perhaps the reason why he seemed in such a ghastly rage was that he did not come by his death fairly. Otherwise his pelt would not have been so perfect. And why else was he put away up there out of sight?—and so magnificent a brush as he had too.

   • 1999, K. A. Applegate, The Attack (Animorphs), volume 26:

     The Isk were true symbiotes. The Isk cannot live without the Yoort. And to ensure that this symbiosis would be real, the Yoort, too, were modified. Now Yoort cannot live without Isk and Isk cannot live without Yoort. They are one creature with two parts.

   • 2013 July 19, Timothy Garton Ash, “Where Dr Pangloss meets Machiavelli”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 18:

     Hidden behind thickets of acronyms and gorse bushes of detail, a new great game is under way across the globe. Some call it geoeconomics, but it's geopolitics too. The current power play consists of an extraordinary range of countries simultaneously sitting down to negotiate big free trade and investment agreements.

3. (degree) To an excessive degree, more than enough indicates that the degree of a quality is more than what is needed or wanted.

   Synonyms: unduly, over, over-, overly, excessively

   Hyponyms: much too, far too, way too

   Near-synonyms: extremely, unnecessarily, all too

   I'm still much too young to drive, and my grandpa is already far too old.

   This water is too polluted for us to drink (it).

   • 1620, Giovanni Bocaccio, translated by John Florio, The Decameron, Containing an Hundred Pleaſant Nouels: Wittily Diſcourſed, Betweene Seuen Honourable Ladies, and Three Noble Gentlemen‎, Isaac Iaggard, Nouell 8, The Eighth Day:

     […] purſued his vnneighbourly purpoſe in ſuch ſort: that hee being the ſtronger perſwader, and ſhe (belike) too credulous in beleeuing or elſe ouer-feeble in reſiſting, from priuate imparlance, they fell to action; and continued their cloſe fight a long while together, vnſeene and vvithout ſuſpition, no doubt to their equall ioy and contentment.

   • 2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

     The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. […] It was used to make kerosene, the main fuel for artificial lighting after overfishing led to a shortage of whale blubber. Other liquids produced in the refining process, too unstable or smoky for lamplight, were burned or dumped.

4. (degree, colloquial) To a high degree, very.

   Synonyms: so, all that

   She doesn't talk too much.  I'm not too sure about this.

5. (emphatic, colloquial, childish) Used to contradict a negative assertion with present and simple past forms of be, do, and auxiliary verbs

   Synonym: so

   You're not old enough yet. ― I am too!

   You can't jump that fence. ― Can too jump it!

   We haven't been mean to you. ― Have too, plenty of times

6. (archaic, colloquial) Used for emphasis, without reference to any previous statement.
   • 1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:

     The trooper thanks his informant and rides slowly on, looking about him. […] He comes to a gateway in the brick wall, looks in, and sees a great perplexity of iron lying about in every stage and in a vast variety of shapes— […] "This is a place to make a man's head ache too!" says the trooper, looking about him for a counting-house.

使用する際の注意点

• Used in the conjunctive sense, too is used postpositively, often offset with a pause (in speaking) or commas (in writing), and pronounced with phrasal stress.
• When used in their senses as degree adverbs, very and too never modify verbs; very much and too much do instead.

派生語

参考

• too too

アナグラム

• OTO, OoT, Oto, oot, oto, oto-